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* Rush, vol. v. p. 122. Clarendon, vol. i. p. 178. Whitlocke, p. 37. What rendered the power of the commons more formidable was, the extreme prudence with which it was conducted. Not content with the authority which they had acquired by attacking these great ministers, they were resolved to render the most considerable bodies of the nation obnoxious to them.
This second battle was equally furious and desperate with the first: but after the utmost efforts of courage by both parties, victory wholly turned to the side of the parliament. * Rush. vol. vi. p. 632. Whitlocke, p. 89. This event was in itself a mighty blow to the king; but proved more fatal in its consequences. The marquis of Newcastle was entirely lost to the royal cause.
These forms of expression are amusing to posterity, who consider how obscure Whitlocke himself though lord-keeper and ambassador, and indeed a man of great abilities and merit, has become in comparison of Milton. It is not strange that Milton received no encouragement after the restoration: it is more to be admired that he escaped with his life.
To bestow the greater solemnity on this important trial scaffolds were erected in Westminster Hall; where both houses sat, the one as accusers, the other as judges. * Rush. vol. v. p. 214. Clarendon, vol. i. p 216. * Clarendon, vol. i. p. 216. Whitlocke, p. 40. Rush. vol. iv. p. 11., May. p. 90.
The king left them at the door, and he himself advanced alone through the hall, while all the members rose to receive him. * Whitlocke, p. 50 Rush. vol. v. p. 474, 475. Whitlocke, p. 51. Warwick, p. 204. The speaker withdrew from his chair, and the king took possession of it. The speech which he made was as follows: "Gentlemen, I am sorry for this occasion of coming to you.
Hardly were there men enough to receive it, or room sufficient to stow it; and many with regret were obliged to carry back their offerings, and wait till the treasurers could find leisure to receive them; such zeal animated the pious partisans of the parliament, especially in the city. * Whitlocke, p. 57. Rush. vol. v. p. 717. Dugdale, p. 93. May, book 11. p. 54. Vicar's God in the Mount.
And in the main, the Scots were obliged to acknowledge, that never before, while they enjoyed their irregular, factious liberty, had they attained so much happiness as at present, when reduced to subjection under a foreign nation. * Whitlocke, p. 570. Thurloe, vol. iv. p. 57. * Thurloe, vol. vi. p. 557. The protector's administration of Ireland was more severe and violent.
Rushworth, vol. i. p. 560, Parl. Hist. vol. viii. p. 111. The king accordingly came to the house of peers; sent for the commons; and, being seated in his chair of state, the petition was read to him. * State Trials, vol. vii. p. 199. Ruskworth, vol. i. p. 561. Parl Hist. vol. viii. p. 116. Whitlocke, p. 10. See note B, at the end of the volume. * State Trials, vol. vii. p. 212.
His sentence was delivered on the 18th of March, in the following terms: "The Court adjudge that the said Lieutenant General Whitlocke be cashiered, and declared totally unfit and unworthy to serve his Majesty in any military capacity whatever." The principle upon which the law inflicts punishments is an example to deter others from committing the same offences.
Whitlocke and Maynard satisfied his lordship that the thing was possible in law, but suggested the extreme difficulty there would be in proof, represented Cromwell's great influence in the Parliament and the country, and in fact discouraged the notion altogether. Holles, Stapleton, and others were still eager for proceeding, but the Scots were impressed and thought delay would be prudent.
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