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Updated: May 21, 2025
Under these circumstances, as the Prince could no longer exclude him from the country, it became necessary to accept his friendship, and to hold him in control. The Duke had formally offered his assistance to the states-general, directly after the defeat of Gemblours, and early in July had made his appearance in Mons.
As a monument, not only of his genius, but of the elevated aspirations of a whole people in an age of intolerance, the "closer Union of Brussels" deserves especial place in the history of human progress. Unfortunately, it was destined to a brief existence. The battle of Gemblours was its death-blow, and before the end of a month, the union thus hopefully constructed was shattered for ever.
He was governor of Harlem after the famous siege, and exerted himself with some success to mitigate the ferocity of the Spaniards towards the Netherlanders at that epoch. He was marshal-general of the camp under Don John of Austria, and distinguished himself at the battle of Gemblours.
Villeroy, who lay encamped at Gemblours, was no sooner apprised of this event by a triple discharge of all the artillery, and a running fire along the lines of the confederate army, than he passed the Sambre near Charleroy with great precipitation; and having reinforced the garrison of Dinant, retreated towards the lines in the neighbourhood of Mons.
Birth, education, marriage, and youthful character of Alexander Farnese His private adventures Exploits at Lepanto and at Gemblours He succeeds to the government Personal appearance and characteristics Aspect of affairs Internal dissensions Anjou at Mons John Casimir's intrigues at Ghent Anjou disbands his soldiers The Netherlands ravaged by various foreign troops Anarchy and confusion in Ghent Imbize and Ryhove Fate of Hessels and Visch New Pacification drawn up by Orange Representations of Queen Elizabeth Remonstrance of Brussels Riots and image-breaking in Ghent Displeasure of Orange His presence implored at Ghent, where he establishes a Religious Peace Painful situation of John Casimir Sharp rebukes of Elizabeth He takes his departure His troops apply to Farnese, who allows them to leave the country Anjou's departure and manifesto Elizabeth's letters to the states-general with regard to him Complimentary addresses by the Estates to the Duke Death of Bossu Calumnies against Orange Venality of the malcontent grandees La Motte's treason Intrigues of the Prior of Renty Saint Aldegonde at Arras The Prior of St.
Orange invited to visit Brussels His correspondence upon the subject with the estates general Triumphant journey of the Prince to the capital Stop put by him to the negotiations with Don John New and stringent demands made upon the Governor His indignation Open rupture Intrigue of Netherland grandees with Archduke Matthias Policy of Orange Attitude of Queen Elizabeth Flight of Matthias from Vienna Anxiety of Elizabeth Adroitness of the Prince The office of Reward Election of Orange to that dignity His complaints against the great nobles Aerschot Governor of Flanders A storm brewing in Ghent Ryhove and Imbize Blood- Councillor Hessels Arrogance of the aristocratic party in Flanders Ryhove's secret interview with Orange Outbreak at Ghent Arrest of Aerschot, Hessels, and others of the reactionary party The Duke liberated at demand of Orange The Prince's visit to Ghent Rhetorical demonstrations The new Brussels Union characterized Treaty with England Articles by which Matthias is nominally constituted Governor-General His inauguration at Brussels Brilliant and fantastic ceremonies Letter of Don John to the Emperor His anger with England An army collecting Arrival of Alexander Farnese Injudicious distribution of offices in the States' army The States' army fall back upon Gemblours, followed by Don John Tremendous overthrow of the patriots Wonderful disparity in the respective losses of the two armies.
Having thus obtained the lion's share, due, as he thought, to his well known courage and military talents, as well as to the powerful family influence, which he wielded his brother, the Prince of Espinoy, hereditary seneschal of Hainault, having likewise rallied to the King's party Ghent jocosely intimated to Parma his intention of helping himself to the two best horses in the Prince's stables in exchange for those lost at Gemblours, in which disastrous action he had commanded the cavalry for the states.
Don John of Austria, Governor-General, arrives in the Netherlands His Character and Conduct The States send an Envoy to Elizabeth of England She advances them a Loan of Money The Union of Brussels The Treaty of Marche-en-Famenne, called the Perpetual Edict The impetuous Conduct of Don John excites the public Suspicion He seizes on the Citadel of Namur The Prince of Orange is named Protector of Brabant The People destroy the Citadels of Antwerp and other Towns The Duke of Arschot is named Governor of Flanders He invites the Archduke Mathias to accept the Government of the Netherlands Wise Conduct of the Prince of Orange Ryhove and Hembyse possess themselves of supreme Power at Ghent The Prince of Orange goes there and establishes Order The Archduke Mathias is installed The Prince of Parma arrives in the Netherlands, and gains the Battle of Gemblours Confusion of the States-General The Duke of Alencon comes to their Assistance Dissensions among the Patriot Chiefs Death of Don John of Austria Suspicions of his having been Poisoned by Order of Philip II. The Prince of Parma is declared Governor-General The Union of Utrecht The Prince of Parma takes the Field The Congress of Cologne rendered fruitless by the Obstinacy of Philip The States-General assemble at Antwerp, and issue a Declaration of National Independence The Sovereignty of the Netherlands granted to the Duke of Alencon.
Nor were all the towns which had recently fallen into the hands of Don John at all comparable in importance to the city of Amsterdam, which now, by a most timely arrangement, furnished a rich compensation to the national party for the disaster of Gemblours.
If he refused upon this occasion a general battle, those who reflected upon the usual results to the patriot banner of such engagements, might confess, perhaps, that one disaster the more had been avoided. Don John, finding it impossible to accomplish his purpose, and to achieve another Gemblours victory, fell back again to the neighbourhood of Namur.
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