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Updated: June 16, 2025
By argument they might hope to gain over the reason of a few, but by help of these nicknames the prejudices and passions of the many. The chief instrument of this base art is no longer the public speech but the newspaper. The psychology of the crowd has been much studied lately, by Le Bon and other writers in France, by Mr. Graham Wallas in England.
Wallas, "must, consciously or unconsciously, form a conception of human nature, and the less conscious he is of his conception the more likely he is to be dominated by it." For politics is an interest of men a tool which they fabricate and use and no comment has much value if it tries to get along without mankind. You might as well try to describe food by ignoring the digestion. Mr.
Graham Wallas says: 'When a Tsar or a bureaucracy finds itself forced to govern in opposition to a vague national feeling which may at any moment create an overwhelming national purpose, the autocrat becomes the most unscrupulous of demagogues, and stirs up racial or religious or social hatred, or the lust for foreign war, with less scruple than a newspaper proprietor under a democracy, The autocrat, in fact, is often a slave, as the demagogue is often a tyrant.
Wherever social pressure and education influence men and women to conduct which is contrary to the gratification of fundamental desires, it causes an uneasiness, an unhappiness and discomfort upon which Graham Wallas has laid great stress as the balked desire.
Acting under these influences, the Spokanes, Walla Wallas, Umatillas, and Nez Perces cast their lot with the hostiles, and all the savage inhabitants of the region east of the Cascade Range became involved in a dispute as to whether the Indians or the Government should possess certain sections of the country, which finally culminated in the war of 1856.
Wallas concludes that it is just because 'everything that is interesting, even though it is laborious, in the women's arts of the old village is gone': because 'clothes are bought ready-made, food is bought either ready-cooked, like bread and jam and fish, or only requiring the simplest kind of cooking': in fact just because physical exertion has been lightened by books and machinery, that 'there results a mass of inarticulate unhappiness whose existence has hardly been indicated by our present method of sociological enquiry'.
Wallas seems to have had much the same experience. In the midst of a bustle of activity, politics appeared to have no center to which its thinking and doing could be referred. The truth was driven home upon him that political science is a science of human relationship with the human beings left out.
Now then, Wallas, who's your man?" asked Bowler. "Tubbs," said Wallas. Tubbs was one of the most hopeless louts at Swishford. Gayford gave a low whistle; but he was too anxious to preserve the harmony of the party to offer any objection. "Now you, Braintree?" "I say, Cwashford. Jolly fellow, and knows French, too." "Ah, but he is such a cad," said Bowler imploringly.
"The fact is, you fellows," said he, "we're regularly in for it now, and the sooner we make up our minds what we shall do the better." "Let's make a waft," said Braintree, mindful of his Wobinson Cwusoe. "Where's your wood?" asked Wallas. "Let's hoist a signal, anyhow," said Wester. "No one to see it if you do," said Wallas. "Let's have some grub," said Crashford.
The religious investigations of William James were a study, not of ecclesiastical institutions or the history of creeds. They were concerned with religious experience, of which churches and rituals are nothing but the external satisfaction. As Graham Wallas is endeavoring to make human nature the center of politics, so James made it the center of religions.
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