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Updated: June 10, 2025
The whole region was bristling with spikes and circles. Toward the 60@ Philolaus stood predominant at a height of 5,550 feet with its elliptical crater, and seen from this distance, the disc showed a very fantastical appearance. Landscapes were presented to the eye under very different conditions from those on the earth, and also very inferior to them.
Mount Philolaus rose about the 70th degree to a height of 3,700 metres, opening an elliptical crater sixteen leagues long and four wide. Then the disc, seen from that distance, presented an exceedingly strange aspect. The landscapes were very different to earthly ones, and also very inferior. The moon having no atmosphere, this absence of vaporous covering had consequences already pointed out.
Why do you say, enquired Cebes, that a man ought not to take his own life, but that the philosopher will be ready to follow the dying? Socrates replied: And have you, Cebes and Simmias, who are the disciples of Philolaus, never heard him speak of this? Yes, but his language was obscure, Socrates.
Anaxagoras also is said to have taken account of the hypothetical counter-earth in his explanation of eclipses; though, as we have seen, he probably did not accept that part of the doctrine which held the earth to be a sphere. The names of Philolaus and Heraclides have been linked with certain of these Pythagorean doctrines.
They praise Ptolemy, admire Copernicus, but place Aristarchus and Philolaus before him. They take great pains in endeavouring to understand the construction of the world, and whether or not it will perish, and at what time. They believe that the true oracle of Jesus Christ is by the signs in the sun, in the moon, and in the stars, which signs do not thus appear to many of us foolish ones.
It seems almost pathetic and is certainly most suggestive of the general view of knowledge taken at that time that, instead of claiming credit for bringing to light great truths before unknown, he made a labored attempt to show that, after all, there was nothing really new in his system, which he claimed to date from Pythagoras and Philolaus.
Then tell me, Socrates, why is suicide held to be unlawful? as I have certainly heard Philolaus, about whom you were just now asking, affirm when he was staying with us at Thebes: and there are others who say the same, although I have never understood what was meant by any of them. Do not lose heart, replied Socrates, and the day may come when you will understand.
Peabody, Andrew Preston, literary rank, 34. Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer: her Aesthetic Papers, 88; letter to Mr. Ireland, 317. Peirce, Benjamin, mathematician, 223. Pelagianisin, 51. Pepys, Samuel, allusion, 12. Pericles, 184, 253. Persia, poetic models, 338. Pessimism, 286. Philadelphia, Pa., society, 184. Philanthropy, activity in 1820, 147. Philolaus, 199. Pie, fondness for, 269.
Plato absorbed the learning of his times, Philolaus, Timaeus, Heraclitus, Parmenides, and what else; then his master, Socrates; and finding himself still capable of a larger synthesis, beyond all example then or since, he traveled into Italy, to gain what Pythagoras had for him; then into Egypt, and perhaps still further east, to import the other element, which Europe wanted, into the European mind.
Philolaus is partially encircled, at no great distance, by a curved ridge, on which will be found a number of small craters. ANAXIMINES. A much foreshortened ring-plain, about 66 miles in diameter, on the E. of Philolaus. One peak on the E. is nearly 8000 feet in height. Schmidt shows four craters on the W. side of the floor, and a fifth on the S.E. side.
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