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We have already learned from the preface of the first book of the Essais how Florio was 'sea-tosst, weather-beaten, 'ship-wrackt, 'almost drowned, when exerting himself to capture the whale Montaigne and drag him through 'the rocke-rough Ocean' with the assistance of his colleague Diodati, whom he compares to 'a guide-fish. Hamlet calls Polonius a fish-monger.
There is also a particular description of the quicksilver mine at Almaden, in La Mancha. Voyage Pittoresque et Historique de l'Espagne. Par La Borde. Paris, 4 vols. fol. Itinéraire Descriptif de l'Espagne. Par La Borde. Paris, 1809. 5 vols. 8vo. Lettres sur l'Espagne, ou Essais sur les Moeurs, les Usages, et la Litérature de ce Royaume. Par Beauharnois. Paris, 1810. 2 vols. 8vo.
The Indian knows all that; he knows those dread genii by name." Monnier, Des Andes au Para, p. 300. Op. cit., pp. 23-24. Lang, op. cit., I, 162, and passim. Max Müller, op cit., p. 12. Nouveaux Essais, p. 320. See Lang, Myth, Ritual and Religion, I, p. 234, a passage from the Rig-Veda, with four very different translations by Max Müller, Wilson, Benfrey, and Langlois.
Then as the result, no doubt, of reading the Nouveaux Essais of Leibnitz, published in 1765 he returned to rationalistic principles, until finally, after a renewal of empirical influences, he took the position crystallized in the Critique of Pure Reason, 1781, which, however, experienced still other, though less considerable, changes in the sequel, just as in itself it shows the traces of previous transformations.
For they affirm, that God chooses sin as the necessary means of the greatest good; and that he could not exclude sin from the universe, without causing a greater evil than its permission. This sentiment is repeatedly set forth in the Essais de Théodicée of Leibnitz; and it is also repeatedly avowed by Edwards.
The women were the first to pass under rapiotage." Beaulieu, "Essais," V., 290: "The conciergerie was still full of wretches held for robbery and assassination, poverty-stricken and repulsive.
The publication of the Nouveaux Essais in 1765 induced some thinkers to turn from the dry bones of Wolf to the spirit of Leibnitz himself. And at the same time French thought was penetrating. In consequence of these influences the final phase of the German "Illumination" is marked by the appearance of two or three works in which Progress is a predominating idea.
Excessively read in France, particularly during the eighteenth century, and active always in influencing the national conscience since the actual circulation of the "Essais de Morale" is said to have far exceeded that of the "Pensées" of Pascal Nicole has never, in the accepted phrase, "contrived to cross the Channel," and he is scarcely known in England.
As many of Bergson's contributions to French periodicals are not readily accessible, he agreed to the request of his friends that these should be collected and published in two volumes. The first of these was being planned when war broke out. The conclusion of strife has been marked by the appearance of this delayed volume in 1919. It bears the title L'Energie spirituelle: Essais et Conferences.
He afterward wrote of this time in his "Essais sur la Musique": "The hour for the lesson afforded the teacher an opportunity to exercise his cruelty. He made us sing each in turn, and woe to him who made the least mistake; he was beaten unmercifully, the youngest as well as the oldest. He seemed to take pleasure in inventing torture.
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