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Updated: May 21, 2025
The famous words "Summum amicum, summo in bello, summo ingenio praeditum," were among those which the modest Cicero tells us were taken up by the people with enthusiasm, greatly, without doubt, to the detriment of the play. The whole passage is one of great graphic power, and only fails to rouse us too to enthusiasm when we reflect that Cicero was not himself present.
Any one of these adjectives either denotes value or censures lack of worth, and each gets its meaning by reference to the specific purpose, moral, aesthetic, or intellectual, it appeals to. The summum bonum, or supreme good, will then be the ideal of the harmonious satisfaction of all purposes. What, then, from the standpoint of Humanism, is the function of 'truth-values' in our life?
The existence of so much generic unity in things is thus perhaps the most momentous pragmatic specification of what it may mean to say 'the world is One. ABSOLUTE generic unity would obtain if there were one summum genus under which all things without exception could be eventually subsumed. 'Beings, 'thinkables, 'experiences, would be candidates for this position.
And he says in another place: Catonis modo, Galle, Tusculanum Tota creditor urbe venditahat. Mirati sumus unicum magistrum, Summum grammaticum, optimum poetam, Omnes solvere posse quaestiones, Unum difficile expedire nomen. En cor Zenodoti, en jecur Cratetis!
"I am afraid that in her case summum jus was summa injuria." "It was quite right to prosecute that mischievous woman," said Mr. Flight. "Maybe," said Gerald; "but wheat will grow alongside of tares." "I hope the girl is wheat," half ironically and severely said the lady. Gerald shrugged his shoulders and took his leave.
Hegel writes elsewhere: 'The finite, as implicitly other than what it is, is forced to surrender its own immediate or natural being, and to turn suddenly into its opposite.... Dialectic is the universal and irresistible power before which nothing can stay.... Summum jus, summa injuria to drive an abstract right to excess is to commit injustice.... Extreme anarchy and extreme despotism lead to one another.
"Love vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up." Humility love hiding. The fifth ingredient is a somewhat strange one to find in this summum bonum: Courtesy. This is Love in society, Love in relation to etiquette. "Love does not behave itself unseemly." Politeness has been defined as love in trifles. Courtesy is said to be love in little things. And the one secret of politeness is to love.
We have seen that this is a mere stroke of ingenuity, and owes its plausible appearance to his making our associated ends the primary ends of our being. III. With regard to the Summum Bonum, or the theory of Happiness, he holds that men cannot be happy by the pursuit of mere self; but must give way to their benevolent impulses as well, all under the guidance of conscience.
When the artizan goes wrong, it is usually from pure ignorance or incapacity; he is willing to do good work if he is able. III. The SUMMUM BONUM with Sokrates was Well-doing. He had no ideal of pursuit for man apart from virtue, or what he esteemed virtue the noble and the praiseworthy.
I would urge you, young men, especially to lay this to heart that of all delusions that can beset you in your course, none will work more disastrously than the notion that the summum bonum, the shield and stay of a man, is the 'abundance of the things that he possesses. I fancy I see more listless, discontented, unhappy faces looking out of carriages than I see upon the pavement.
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