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Updated: June 1, 2025
The scholars quite soon began to worship K'uei as the God of Literature, and to represent it on a column in the temples. Then sacrifices were offered to it. This star or constellation was regarded as the palace of the god.
It was the custom that the Emperor should give with his own hand a rose of gold to the fortunate candidate. This scholar, whose name was Chung K'uei, presented himself according to custom to receive the reward which by right was due to him. At the sight of his repulsive face the Emperor refused the golden rose. In despair the miserable rejected one went and threw himself into the sea.
The literati there venerated him as their master, and as a mark of affection and gratitude built a temple to him; but in doing so they had no intention of making him the God of Literature. "There being no real connexion between Chang Ya and K'uei, the worship should be stopped."
Eventually, guided doubtless by the community of pronunciation, they substituted for the star or group of stars K'uei , venerated in ancient times, a new star or group of stars K'uei , forming the square part of the Bushel, Dipper, or Great Bear. The adoration was thus misplaced, for the constellation K'uei was mistaken for K'uei , the proper object of worship.
Miao Shan had returned to Hsiang Shan, leaving in the palace the bodily form of the priest. She saw the two traitors Ho Fêng and Chao K'uei preparing the poison, and was aware of their wicked intentions.
The husband chosen for Miao Ch'ing was a First Academician named Chao K'uei. His personal name was Tê Ta, and he was the son of a celebrated minister of the reigning dynasty. Miao Yin's husband-elect was a military officer named Ho Fêng, whose personal name was Ch'ao Yang. He had passed first in the examination for the Military Doctorate. The marriage ceremonies were of a magnificent character.
His images and temples are found in all towns. In the temples dedicated to Wên Ch'ang there are always two secondary altars, one of which is consecrated to his worship. Mr Redcoat The other is dedicated to Chu I, 'Mr Redcoat. He and K'uei Hsing are represented as the two inseparable companions of the God of Literature.
The examiner, surprised at the novelty of the incident, and fortified by the approval of his supernatural visitor, admitted the author of the essay to the literary degree. Chu I, like K'uei Hsing, is invoked by the literati as a powerful protector and aid to success.
He is represented as of diminutive stature, with the visage of a demon, holding a writing-brush in his right hand and a tou in his left, one of his legs kicking up behind the figure being obviously intended as an impersonation of the character k'uei . He is regarded as the distributor of literary degrees, and was invoked above all in order to obtain success at the competitive examinations.
Chu I is sometimes accompanied by another personage, named Chin Chia, 'Mr Golden Cuirass. Like K'uei Hsing and Chu I he has charge of the interests of scholars, but differs from them in that he holds a flag, which he has only to wave in front of a house for the family inhabiting it to be assured that among their descendants will be some who will win literary honours and be promoted to high offices under the State.
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