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Updated: May 19, 2025
As the relative amount of proteid, carbonaceous matter, water, and salts, may vary considerably in different articles, we rightly have combinations of food at our meals. A pudding of corn-flour and water contains no building material, hence we add milk and eggs, which do. A meal of meat and cheese requires bread and potatoes, etc., etc.
The inability of the chickens fed on a carbonaceous diet to throw out new feathers and the ability of the chickens fed on a nitrogenous diet to grow an enormous coat of feathers is a splendid illustration of the effect of the composition of the food in supplying certain requirements of animal growth.
EGGS LAID AND GAIN IN WEIGHT HENS. | | | Lot I. | Lot II. | Nitrogenous. | Carbonaceous. || | | Live weight, July 26. | 23.53 | 23.56 " " November 27. | 21.31 | 22.00 Loss. | 2.22 | 1.56 Number of eggs laid. | 79.00 | 26.00 Weight " " " lb. | 8.25 | 2.92 Average weight of eggs, oz. | 1.67 | 1.80 Gain in weight, including eggs, lb. | 6.03 | 1.36 ||
This slow and delicate method is not capable of revealing all the organisms That the carbonaceous substance contains, but, per contra, one is riot absolutely sure of the pre-existence of everything that resembles organs or fragments of such that he distinguishes therein by means of the microscope.
Some of these tribes have the horrible custom of baking the bodies of their dead after they have become decomposed, till only a black carbonaceous mass is left. This is pounded, and mixed with an intoxicating liquor, called caxiri, in vats made out of hollow trees.
Thus on the surface, where the waste has weathered longest, it is gradually made fine enough to support the growth of plants, and is then known as soil. The coarser waste beneath is sometimes spoken of as subsoil. Soil usually contains more or less dark, carbonaceous, decaying organic matter, called humus, and is then often termed the humus layer.
GAIN IN LIVE WEIGHT CHICKENS. | | | Lot I. | Lot II. | Nitrogenous. | Carbonaceous. || | | Live weight, July 26. | 8.94 | 9.06 " " November 27. | 17.89 | 12.63 Gain, lb. | 8.95 | 3.57 " per cent. | 100.11 | 39.40 || Samples of the eggs from each lot of fowls were privately marked and sold to a boarding house where the cook did not know that the eggs were undergoing a test.
The chickens fed on nitrogenous food just about doubled in weight, while those fed carbonaceous food only added about one-third to their weight. During the first week the carbonaceous fed hens laid three eggs while the others laid two. The two groups were, therefore, practically evenly divided at the start as to the condition of the laying stage.
It is what we rely on for internal heat, as well as for heating our dwellings, for the essential part of coal is carbon. The carbonaceous substances are needed in greater quantity than any other, but if they are taken pure, they cause starvation more quickly than if no food were eaten. This has been proved through experiments in feeding nothing but refined sugar, which is practically pure carbon.
There was one stratum of a bright red, coarse, volcanic gritstone; another of conglomerate; another of a black, indurated, carbonaceous shale marked with imperfect vegetable impressions; this latter bed, which was thin, rested on a submarine lava, and followed all the considerable inequalities of its upper surface. Mr. Miers states that coal has been found in this range.
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