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Updated: May 13, 2025
Well then let us admit that there is no difficulty as far as sacrifices are concerned, for the reason stated in the preceding Sutra. But another difficulty presents itself with regard to the words of which the Veda consists. For if Indra and the other gods are corporeal beings, it follows that they are made up of parts and hence non-permanent.
Smriti also declares this prohibition of hearing, and so on. 'The ears of him who hears the Veda are to be filled with molten lead and lac; if he pronounces it his tongue is to be slit; if he preserves it his body is to be cut through. And 'He is not to teach him sacred duties or vows. It is thus a settled matter that the Sudras are not qualified for meditations on Brahman.
We have demonstrated that the Sankhya-system and other systems standing outside the Veda are untenable since they rest on fallacious reasoning and are self-contradictory.
Here, of course, he is dealing with popular songs explicitly devoted to solar phenomena, in their poetical aspect. But, we may reply, in the Veda, myths are already full-grown, or even decadent. Already there are unbelievers in the myths.
No one would have a word to say against the general principle that much that is irrational, absurd, or barbarous in the Veda is a survival of a more primitive mythology anterior to the Veda. How could it be otherwise? Criticism of Tuna and Daphne Now , as to Daphne, we are not invariably told that hers was a case of 'the total change of a heroine into a tree. In Ovid she is thus changed.
D. Besides the Sanskrit books mentioned above numerous vernacular works, especially collections of hymns, are accepted as authoritative by various sects, and almost every language has scriptures of its own. In the south two Tamil hymnals, the Devaram of the Śivaites and Nâlâyira Prabandham of the Vishnuites, are recited in temples and are boldly stated to be revelations equivalent to the Veda.
'As in the case of a hundred, i.e. as it is understood that, when a man selling a field and a gem is said to receive two hundred gold pieces, one hundred are given for the field and one hundred for the gem. Of him who has merely read the Veda. Nor is there any force in the argument that knowledge is only auxiliary to work because works are enjoined on him who possesses knowledge.
Similarly, a Kshatriya should protect the people in accordance with the injunctions of the law, diligently practise the virtue of charity, offer sacrifices, study the whole Veda, take a wife, and lead a virtuous householder's life. If he be possessed of a virtuous soul, and if he practise the holy virtues, he may easily attain the region of the Supreme Being.
Thus: "A Brahman by retaining the Rig Veda in his memory incurs no guilt, though he should destroy the three worlds." Again: "When there is contradiction of two precepts in the Veda, both are declared to be law; both have been justly promulgated by known sages as valid law."
For the story has been retained by the three races alike, in all its principal features; though the Veda has left it in the sky where it originally belonged, while the Iliad and the Nibelungenlied have brought it down to earth, the one locating it in Asia Minor, and the other in Northwestern Europe. Sarama, the creeping Dawn, is sent by Indra to find and recover them.
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