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Updated: June 1, 2025
OTTO STRUVE. An enormous enclosure, bounded on the E. by the Hercynian Mountains, and on the W. by a mountain chain of considerable altitude, surmounted by three or more bright little rings. On the W. side of the uneven-toned interior, which, according to Madler, includes an area of more than 26,000 square miles, stand four craters, several little hills, and light spots.
The scheme of sidereal government framed by the Dorpat astronomer was, it may be observed, of the most approved constitutional type; deprivation, rather than increase of influence accompanying the office of chief dignitary. The community of proper motions detected by Mädler in the vicinity of the Pleiades may accordingly possess a significance altogether different from what he imagined.
MANNERS. A brilliant little ring-plain, 11 miles in diameter, on the S.E. side of the Mare Tranquilitatis. There appears to be no detail whatever in connection with its wall. It has a distinct central mountain. About three diameters distant on the S.W. there is a bright crater, omitted by Madler and Neison.
Whether variations in the visibility of lunar details, when observed under apparently similar conditions, actually occur from time to time from some unknown cause, is one of those vexed questions which will only be determined when the moon is systematically studied by experienced observers using the finest instruments at exceptionally good stations; but no one who examines existing records of observations of rills by Gruithuisen, Lohrmann, Madler, Schmidt, and other observers, can well avoid the conclusion that the anomalies brought to light therein point strongly to the probability of the existence of some agency which occasionally modifies their appearance or entirely conceals them from view.
WERNER. A ring-plain, 45 miles in diameter, with a massive rampart crowned by peaks almost as lofty as any on that of Aliacensis, and with terraces fully as conspicuous. It has a magnificent central mountain, 4500 feet high. At the foot of the N.E. wall Madler observed a small area, which he describes as rivalling the central peak of Aristarchus in brilliancy.
The comparatively small crater, Lichtenberg, near the northeastern limb of the moon, is interesting because Mädler used to see in its neighborhood a pale-red tint which has not been noticed since his day. Returning to the western side of the quadrant represented in Lunar Chart No. 3, we see the broad and beautifully regular ringed plain of Archimedes, fifty miles in diameter and 4,000 feet deep.
On the N. is a prominent enclosure, nearly as large as Sharp itself; and on the N.E. a brilliant little ring- plain, A, about 8 miles in diameter, connected with Sharp, as Madler shows, by a wide valley. LOUVILLE. A triangular-shaped formation on the E. of a line joining Mairan and Sharp. It is hemmed in by mountains, one of which towers 5000 feet above its dusky floor.
On the W. glacis is a row of large inosculating craters; and near its foot, S.E. of Madler, a short unrecorded rill- valley. The magnificent bright central mountain is composed of many distinct masses surmounted by lofty peaks, one of which is about 6000 feet above the floor, and covers an area of at least 300 square miles.
His sight, however, began to fail three years later, and he died in 1840, leaving materials from which the work was completed and published in 1878 by Dr. Julius Schmidt, late director of the Athens Observatory. Much had been done in the interim. Beer and Mädler began at Berlin in 1830 their great trigonometrical survey of the lunar surface, as yet neither revised nor superseded.
It would perhaps be rash, with our limited knowledge of minute lunar detail, to assert that Madler over-estimated the brightness of this area, which may have been due to a recent deposit round the orifice of the crater-cone. POISSON. An irregular formation on the W. of Aliacensis, extending about 50 miles from W. to E., but much less in a meridional direction.
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