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Updated: June 13, 2025
The reason he did not proceed to construct it was "the difficulty he had encountered in teaching others the construction and use of the single engine, and in overcoming prejudices"; the patent of 1782 was only taken out because he found himself "beset with a host of plagiaries and pirates." One of the earliest of these double-acting engines was erected at the Albion Mills, London, in 1786.
When we ask how he overcame the natural difficulties of trade lack of commission houses, varying standards of money, want of systems of credit and low prices due to the glutting of the market when hundreds of flatboats arrived in the South simultaneously on the same freshet we are informed that "Billy Earthquake is the geniwine, double-acting engine, and can out-run, out-swim, chaw more tobacco and spit less, drink more whiskey and keep soberer than any other man in these localities."
"The vulgar-minded English," he said in one of those deliciously irritating and double-acting sentences he was afterward in the habit of frequently uttering "talk of the damned Italians, and the vulgar-minded American, quite in rule, imitates his great model." Certainly his prejudices against the inhabitants of that country were soon swept away.
The double-acting engine; in which steam is admitted to press the piston upward as well as downward; the piston being also aided in its ascent as well as in its descent by a vacuum produced by condensation on the other side.
She was fitted with 16 lifeboats 30 feet long, swung on davits of the Welin double-acting type. These davits are specially designed for dealing with two, and, where necessary, three, sets of lifeboats, i.e., 48 altogether; more than enough to have saved every soul on board on the night of the collision.
Q. in the double-acting engine the piston is pushed by the steam both ways, whereas in the single-acting engine it is only pushed one way? A. The structure and action of a double-acting land engine of the kind introduced by Mr. A is the cylinder in which a movable piston, T, is forced alternately up and down by the alternate admission, to each side, of the steam from the boiler.
The "double-acting" engine was followed by the "compound" engine, of which Watt says: A new compound engine, or method of connecting together the cylinders and condensers of two or more distinct engines, so as to make the steam which has been employed to press on the piston of the first, act expansively upon the piston of the second, etc., and thus derive an additional power to act either alternately or co-jointly with that of the first cylinder.
"Some joy-ride, don't you think?" "I can fancy," laughed Katie, "that it might be hard to beat. I think," she added, "that he's just the one for you to marry. And I further think, Zelda, that you're just the one for him to marry." Zelda looked at her keenly. "No slam on either party?" "On the contrary, a sort of double-acting approval," she turned it with a laugh.
"Will they see the old engine?" asked Bert anxiously, after they had been shown the new one. "Yes, the town committee voted to dispose of her to anybody that wants her." "How much?" And at the question the hearts of the boys beat anxiously. "Sixty dollars, and it's very cheap. It cost three hundred when new. It's got double-acting pumps, and there's two hundred feet of good hose. It's dirt cheap."
The double-acting engine doing work up and down came later, and was protected in the second patent of 1780. Watt knew better than any that although his model had been successful and was far beyond the Newcomen engine, it was obvious that it could be improved in many respects not the least of his reasons for confidence in its final and more complete triumph.
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