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Updated: May 9, 2025
Among them were Saint Aldegonde, Paul Buis, Charles Boisot, and Doctor Junius. The plenipotentiaries of the Spanish government were Leoninus, the Seigneur de Rassinghem, Cornelius Suis, and Arnold Sasbout. The proceedings were opened at Breda upon the 3rd of March, 1575.
Accordingly, no sooner had the bell-ringing, cannon-explosions, bonfires, and charades, come to an end, and the Earl got fairly housed in the Hague, than the States took the affair of government seriously in hand. On the 9th January, Chancellor Leoninus and Paul Buys waited upon Davison, and requested a copy of the commission granted by the Queen to the Earl.
Leoninus and Orange Steadfastness of the Prince Changes in the internal government of the northern provinces Generosity and increasing power of the municipalities Incipient jealousy in regard to Orange rebuked His offer of resignation refused by the Estates His elevation to almost unlimited power Renewed mediation of Maximilian Views and positions of the parties Advice of Orange Opening of negotiations at Breda Propositions and counter-propositions Adroitness of the plenipotentiaries on both sides Insincere diplomacy and unsatisfactory results Union of Holland and Zealand under the Prince of Orange Act defining his powers Charlotte de Bourbon Character, fortunes, and fate of Anna of Saxony Marriage of Orange with Mademoiselle de Bourbon Indignation thereby excited Horrible tortures inflicted upon Papists by Sonoy in North Holland Oudewater and Schoonoven taken by Hierges The isles of Zealand A submarine expedition projected Details of the adventure Its entire success Death of Chiappin Vitelli Deliberations in Holland and Zealand concerning the renunciation of Philip's authority Declaration at Delft Doubts as to which of the Great Powers the sovereignty should be offered Secret international relations Mission to England Unsatisfactory negotiations with Elizabeth Position of the Grand Commander Siege of Zieriekzee Generosity of Count John Desperate project of the Prince Death and character of Requesens.
Leoninus was instructed to give assurance that the treaty just concluded should be maintained, that the Spaniards should depart, that all other promises should be inviolably kept, and that the Governor would take up arms against all who should oppose the fulfilment of his engagements. He was to represent that Don John, in proof of his own fidelity, had placed himself in the power of the states.
Towards the close of the year, Doctor Elbertus Leoninus, professor of Louvain, together with Hugo Bonte, ex-pensionary of Middelburg, was commissioned by the Grand Commander to treat secretly with the Prince.
These proceedings on the part of Saint Aldegonde, Champagny, Junius, and Elbertus Leoninus extended through the whole summer and autumn of 1574, and were not terminated until January of the following year. Changes fast becoming necessary in the internal government of the provinces, were also undertaken during this year.
This memorable document was subscribed at Ghent, on the 8th of November, by Saint Aldegonde, with eight other commissioners appointed by the Prince of Orange and the estates of Holland on the one side, and by Elbertus Leoninus and other deputies appointed by Brabant, Flanders, Artois, Hainault, Valenciennes, Lille, Douay, Orchies, Namur, Tournay, Utrecht, and Mechlin on the other side.
Leoninus was instructed to give assurance that the treaty just concluded should be maintained, that the Spaniards should depart, that all other promises should be inviolably kept, and that the Governor would take up arms against all who should oppose the fulfilment of his engagements. He was to represent that Don John, in proof of his own fidelity, had placed himself in the power of the states.
While at Louvain, whither he had gone after the publication of the Perpetual Edict, Don John had conferred with the Duke of Aerschot, and they had decided that it would be well to send Doctor Leoninus on a private mission to the Prince. Previously to his departure on this errand, the learned envoy had therefore a full conversation with the Governor.
Birth and parentage of Don John Barbara Blomberg Early education and recognition by Philip Brilliant military career Campaign against the Moors Battle of Lepanto Extravagant ambition Secret and rapid journey of the new Governor to the Netherlands Contrast between Don John and William of Orange Secret instructions of Philip and private purposes of the Governor Cautious policy and correspondence of the Prince Preliminary, negotiations with Don John at Luxemburg characterized Union of Brussels Resumption of negotiations with the Governor at Huy The discussions analyzed and characterized Influence of the new Emperor Rudolph II. and of his envoys Treaty of Marche en Famine, or the Perpetual Edict, signed Remarks upon that transaction Views and efforts of Orange in opposition to the treaty His letter, in name of Holland and Zealand, to the States-General Anxiety of the royal government to gain over the Prince Secret mission of Leoninus His instructions from Don John Fruitless attempts to corrupt the Prince Secret correspondence between Don John and Orange Don John at Louvain His efforts to ingratiate himself with the Netherlanders His incipient popularity Departure of the Spanish troops Duke of Aerschot appointed Governor of Antwerp citadel His insincere character.
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