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The worst trouble was from the inordinate thieving propensities of the natives. Iron, nails, belaying pins, rudders, anchors, bits of sail, a spike that could be pulled from the rotten wood of the outer keel by the teeth of a thief paddling below anything, everything was snatched by the light-fingered gentry. Nor can we condemn them for it.

In fact, Hialmar and Arvarodd, whose ships had been damaged by a storm, which had torn off their rudders, went into a wood to hew another; and, going round the trunk with their axes, pared down the shapeless timber until the huge stock assumed the form of a marine implement.

The body of his craft, between the forward wings and the rear ones, where the rudders were located, was shaped like a cigar, with side wings somewhat like the fin keels of the ocean liner to prevent a rolling motion.

As he spoke, G 2's bow began to rise and the whole long hull took a gentle slope. 'Pretty quick! exclaimed Ken. 'I thought you had to do a lot of pumping first. 'Bless you, no, said Williams with a superior grin. 'Not with these 'ere modern craft. They works with horizontal rudders, sort o' fins along the side. Blime, G 2 can pop up and down mighty nigh as quick as a dab chick.

Are they rowers and coverts too?" "A bird does not row with his tail he steers with it, as if it were a rudder; and the long feathers are therefore called rudder-feathers or rectrices, which is Latin for rudders. But the short ones are called coverts, like those of the wings upper tail-coverts, and under tail-coverts."

The Lebaudy airships were what is known as semi-rigids, having a spar which ran practically the full length of the gas bag to which it was attached in such a way as to distribute the load evenly. The car was suspended from the spar, at the rear end of which both horizontal and vertical rudders were fixed, whilst stabilising fins were provided at the stern of the gas envelope itself.

It was just as easy to rise by properly working the rudders, when the ship was in motion, and that was the method now employed. With the great propellers, fore and aft, making about a thousand revolutions a minute the craft slanted up toward the sky. The ship was not being run at top speed as Mr. Sharp did not care to force it, and there was no need for haste.

My having supplied rudders and rigging to the vessels cut out from before the batteries at Callao, was called into question, though the ships could not be sent from the port without re-equipment, the Spaniards having dismantled them before their capture.

This consisted of movable rudders working in conjunction with the twisting of the wings. The details of this arrangement are given in specifications published several years ago. The experiments of 1901 were far from encouraging. Although Mr.

Tom's first impulse was to say that it would be useless, but he recollected that the craft belonged to Fenwick, and surely that gentleman had a right to make a suggestion. The young inventor nodded. "We'll try to go up," he said. "If that doesn't work, I'll see if I can force her down. It will be hard work, though. The wind is too stiff." Tom shifted the levers and rudders.