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Updated: June 6, 2025
Bel, as the god whose dominion includes the atmosphere above the earth, controls the 'upper waters. At his instigation these waters descend and bring destruction with them. But Ea's dominion the 'deep' and the streams are beneficent powers. The descent of the upper waters is in the nature of an attack upon Ea's kingdom. It is through Ea that the mischief produced by Bel is again made good.
Because he created the heavens and formed the earth 'Lord of Lands' father Bel called his name. When he heard of all the names that the Igigi bestowed Ea's liver rejoiced That they had bestowed exalted names upon his son. "He as I Ea be his name. The control of my commands be entrusted to him. To him my orders shall be transmitted."
Ut-napishtim saw its beginning, but fearing to watch the storm, he entered the interior of the ship by Ea's instructions, closed the door, and handed over the direction of the vessel to the pilot Puzur-Amurri. Later a thunder-storm and hurricane added their terrors to the deluge.
The passage is obscure; the text possibly defective. If the reading E-Sagila is original. It is here used as the name of Ea's temple in Eridu, but it is of course possible that E-Sagila has been deliberately introduced to enhance the glory of Marduk's temple in Babylon. Ea. Gen. i. 9. The group of celestial beings. I.e., Marduk. Read a-ma-mi.
On Bel's territory I dare no longer show my face; Therefore, I go to the 'deep' to dwell with Ea my lord. Bel's domain is the earth, while Ea controls the watery elements. Bel's hostility to mankind is limited to the inhabitants of the dry land. The moment that Parnapishtim enters Ea's domain he is safe.
After Ea's effective speech Bel is reconciled, and the scene closes dramatically, as follows: Bel came to his senses, Stepped on board of the ship, Took me by the hand and lifted me up, Brought up my wife, and caused her to kneel at my side, Turned towards us, stepped between us, and blessed us. 'Hitherto Parnapishtim was human, But now Parnapishtim and his wife shall be gods like us.
The sun-god proceeds for aid to Sin and Ea. The latter furnishes relief. The sun enters Ea's domain every evening, and, since it is in the west that the planet sinks like the sun, the association of ideas becomes apparent which suggests Ea as the savior and the sun as the mediator. Ea created in his wisdom a male being. He formed Uddushu-namir, a divine servant.
Ea's position, like that of Nusku, was too marked in the magical texts to encourage a conception of them entirely independent of their power to release victims from the grasp of the demons. A hymn to Nebo, which unfortunately is preserved only in part, illustrates the extent to which polytheistic conceptions may be spiritualized: ... Lord of Borsippa, ... son of E-sagila. O Lord!
A second element and one entirely independent in its character has been added to the myth. Anu is appeased, but he is astonished at Ea's patronage of Adapa, as a result of which a mortal has actually appeared in a place set aside for the gods. Why did Ea permit an impure mortal to see the interior of heaven and earth? He made him great and gave him fame.
As inferior in power to Ea, Erua appears to have been regarded as the daughter of Ea, and such was the sway exercised by Ea over men's minds, that even the Babylonian schoolmen did not venture to place Marduk over Ea, but pictured him as Ea's son. Erua, however, was not prominent enough to become Marduk's mother, and so she was regarded as his consort.
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