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Updated: June 4, 2025
It was common in the Ch'u State, which was destroyed B.C. 300, after four hundred and twenty years of existence. Attitude of Confucius. Under the influence of Confucius, B.C. 551-479, the old order of things began to undergo a change.
Pao-yue had, besides, along with him several pages, one of whom was called Sao Hung, another Ch'u Yo, another Mo Yue. These three were naturally up to every mischief, so that with one voice, bawling boisterously, "You children of doubtful mothers, have you taken up arms?"
Three of these attained special importance Ch'u, in the neighbourhood of the present Chungking and Hankow; Wu, near the present Nanking; and Yüeh, near the present Hangchow. In 704 B.C. the feudal prince of Wu proclaimed himself "Wang". "Wang", however was the title of the ruler of the Chou dynasty.
"The man of Tao," said the fisherman of the Mi-lo to Ch'u Yuan, "does not quarrel with his surroundings, but adapts himself to them"; and perhaps there you have the best possible explanation of the nature of those Great souls who come from time to time to save the world.
"By exerting his mental powers to the full, man comes to understand his own nature. When he understands his own nature, he understands God." In all the above instances the term used for God is T'ien. Only in one single passage does Mencius use Shang Ti: "Though a man be wicked, if he duly prepares himself by fasting and abstinence and purification by water, he may sacrifice to God." Ch'u Yuan.
The ravages of smallpox in China, indeed, have been terrific: so much so, that, until recent years, it was considered as natural and inevitable for a child to have smallpox as for it to cut its teeth. One of the ceremonial questions addressed by a visitor to the parent of a child was always Ch'u la hua'rh mei yu?
"In fact, in that play acted just now called: 'Love in the western tower at Ch'u Ch'iang, there's a good deal sung by young actors in unison with the flutes. But lengthy unison pieces of this description are indeed few. This too, however, is purely a matter of taste; there's nothing out of the way about it.
"I am your Majesty's neighbour," replied Liu I. "I spent my youth in Ch'u and studied in Ch'in. I have just failed in my licentiate examination. On my way home I saw your daughter tending some goats; she was all dishevelled, and in so pitiable a condition that it hurt me to see her, She has sent you this letter." Golden Dragon Great Prince
The following prose passage is taken from Ch'u Yuan's biography: "Man came originally from God, just as the individual comes from his parents. When his span is at an end, he goes back to that from which he sprang. Thus it is that in the hour of bitter trial and exhaustion, there is no man but calls to God, just as in his hours of sickness and sorrow every one of us will turn to his parents."
Again, in B.C. 529, the ruler of the Ch'u State destroyed the Ts'ai State, and offered up the heir apparent as a victim. An officer said, "This is inauspicious. If the five sacrificial animals may not be used promiscuously, how much less can a feudal prince be offered up?" The custom of burying live persons with the dead was first practised in China in B.C. 580.
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