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Updated: May 2, 2025
In the first place, what is to be understood by the word 'Kalevala'? The affix la signifies 'abode. Thus, 'Tuonela' is 'the abode of Tuoni, the god of the lower world; and as 'kaleva' means 'heroic, 'magnificent, 'Kalevala' is 'The Home of Heroes. The poem is the record of the adventures of the people of Kalevala of their strife with the men of Pohjola, the place of the world's end.
When he had done this, he turned to the host and upbraided him for his bad treatment, and finally said that as the Pohjola folk could not treat guests decently, perhaps he could purchase good beer at least. At this Louhi's husband grew angry and conjured up a little lake in the floor at Lemminkainen's feet, and bade him quench his thirst at that.
Now the Rainbow-maiden was really the same as old Louhi's fairest daughter, whom Wainamoinen had wooed, and for whom Ilmarinen had made the magic Sampo, and Wainamoinen had learned this. So when the magic boat was finished, he made ready for a journey to the Northland, to try once more to win the fair Pohjola maiden for his bride.
She went out into the forest and cast a magic spell upon the hugest bear in all the Northland the great Otso and he hastened from his Pohjola home and began to kill the flocks and herds in Kalevala. Otso = bear. Then Wainamoinen hastened to Ilmarinen, and bade him make a triple-pointed spear with which to kill Otso.
Next he asked the raven, and the raven told him that his people had been killed by his enemies from Pohjola. On hearing this Lemminkainen began again to mourn her loss, and to look about for some dear relic that he might keep in remembrance of her. But as he looked he suddenly came on a faint pathway leading away from the house, and on it he saw the prints of light feet.
And when he had done this, Ilmarinen went out and got into his sledge and drove off to his brother Wainamoinen. When he arrived, Wainamoinen asked him why he was so sad, and whether all was well in Pohjola. To this Ilmarinen replied: 'Why should not all be well in Pohjola?
But his mother tried to keep him from going, telling him that they did not want him there, or else they would have invited him, but he answered: 'This sword with its sharp edges constantly reminds me that I am needed in distant Pohjola. His mother spoke again, saying: 'Do not go, my dear son, for Death will meet thee thrice upon the way. Lemminkainen replied that he did not fear Death, but would overcome him, but at the same time asked his mother what the first danger would be.
The hand of the daughter of the mistress of Pohjola is what, each and all, the three sons of Kalevala strive to win, a hand which the mother of the owner will give to any one who can make for her and for Pohjola Sampo, Wainamoinen will not; but he knows of one who will, Illmarinen. Illmarinen makes it, and gains the mother's consent thereby. But the daughter requires another service.
She made such a great quantity of beer that the springs were emptied and the forests grew small, and such a vast column of smoke went up as filled half of Pohjola and was seen even in distant Karjala and Lemminkainen's home. And all the people there thought it arose from some mighty battle between great heroes.
This made Lemminkainen very angry, and he replied: 'O toothless mistress of Pohjola, thou hast managed thy feast very badly, for thou hast had delicacies of every sort for the others, who gave but trifling presents, while for me, who have sent the most of all, thou hast nothing at all after my long journey. Then Louhi called up one of her meanest servants and bade her serve the guest.
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