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Updated: June 15, 2025
*It has already been stated that Japan was generally known in China and Korea by the term "Wa," which, being written with an ideograph signifying "dwarf" or "subservient," was disliked by the Japanese. It is not certain at what time exactly the Japanese themselves adopted this nomenclature, but it certainly was before the seventh century. Translated by Aston in the Nihongi.
In short, from the accession of the Empress Jingo a large part of the sovereign power began to pass into the hands of the prime minister. *As illustrating the confused chronology of the Nihongi, it may be noted that, calculated by the incident of Chuai's career, he must have been fully one hundred years old when he begot this child.
But none of these faults disfigures the story as told in the pages of the Kojiki, which was written before the Nihongi. It has always to be remembered that the compilers of the latter essayed the impossible task of adjusting a new chronology to events extending over many centuries, and that the resulting discrepancies of dates does not necessarily discredit the events themselves.
Indeed the pages of the Nihongi which deal with the last sixty years of Jingo's reign are devoted almost entirely to descriptions of incidents connected with the receipt of tribute and the advent or despatch of envoys. The chronology is certainly erroneous.
*According to the Records, it is the attendants of the goddess that suffer injury. Referring to this episode, Aston writes in his Nihongi: "Amaterasu-o-mi-Kami is throughout the greater part of this narrative an anthropomorphic deity, with little that is specially characteristic of her solar functions.
Doubtless the difficulty of explaining Shinto has been due simply to the fact that the sinologists have sought for the source of it in books: in the Kojiki and the Nihongi, which are its histories; in the Norito, which are its prayers; in the commentaries of Motowori and Hirata, who were its greatest scholars.
The Karano was then broken and her timbers being employed as firewood for roasting salt, the latter was given to the various provinces, which, in return, were caused to build ships for the State, the result being a fleet of five hundred vessels. *Aston's Nihongi. It would seem that there was always an abundance of fishing-boats, for fishing by traps, hooks, and nets was industriously carried on.
The children of temple-serfs shall follow the rule for freemen. But in regard to others who become slaves, they shall be treated according to the rule for slaves. Aston's translation of the Nihongi, Vol. About the origin of Japanese slavery, much remains to be learned.
The "Nihongi," however, not only gives a different view of this evolution basing it upon the dualism of Chinese philosophy that is, of the active and passive principles and uses Chinese technical terminology, but gives lists of kami that differ notably from those in the "Kojiki."
In no less than four several cases events obviously the same are attributed by the Korean annals to dates differing from those of the Nihongi by exactly two cycles; and in one important instance the Japanese work assigns to A.D. 205 an occurrence which the Tongkan* puts in the year 418. *Korean history. Its full title is Tong-kuk-lhong-kan.
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