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The separation, often touched upon, between subject matter and method is the educational equivalent of this dualism. Socially the distinction has to do with the part of life which is dependent upon authority and that where individuals are free to advance. Another dualism is that of activity and passivity in knowing.
But even here we are met with a difficulty, for when we try to transfer this dualism to the region of humanity, we see that in the phenomena of disease we are confronted, not with inertness fighting against motion, but with one kind of life, which is inimical to human life, fighting with another kind of life which is favourable to health.
It has long wavered between the bold attitude of Isaiah, softened by such devices as apologetic ingenuity could invent, and the mythological dualism current at the time of its birth. God must be totally responsible for all physical evils, at least; or else he must be thwarted by something independent of himself, whether this be an evil spirit or matter.
There is, it is true, in the Hindu religious scheme the general antithesis of light and darkness, which are connected with right and wrong an antithesis that appears abundantly in other religious systems; but the powers of darkness are not organized against the powers of light, and there is no complete dualism, though we have here, perhaps, the starting-point for such a conception.
He was a voluminous and accomplished writer, his works including Lives of Dugald Stewart and Sir W. Hamilton , Tweed and other Poems , History and Poetry of the Scottish Border , Feeling for Nature in Scottish Poetry , Merlin and other Poems , Border Essays , and Dualism and Monism . Essayist and poet, b. at Salem, Mass., where he became a clergyman and something of a mystic.
I repeat that this dualism is practical, not theoretical, but that it exists is plain enough from such statements as that of the present-day theologian who speaks of God's "eternal eminence, and His descent on a created world."
The tents d'abri, or shelter-tent, carried by the soldier himself, is all-sufficient. Officers should never seek for houses, but share the condition of their men. This separation of the administration and command, this coexistence of two wills, each independent of the other, which paralyzed both and annulled the dualism, was condemned.
This simple faith survives in Descartes and in a somewhat modified form in Spinoza, but with Leibniz it begins to disappear, and from his day to our own almost every philosopher of note has criticised and rejected the dualism of common sense.
Exasperated by the pact of dualism which the Czechs never recognised, Palacky went to Moscow and on his return declared: "I have already said that I do not cherish any hopes of the preservation of Austria, especially since the Germans and Magyars made it the home of their racial despotism; the question therefore as to what will happen to the Slavs hitherto living in Austria is not without significance.
Let some laborious assistant professor explore and chart it. There will be more of human nature in his report than in all the novels ever written. The Jews, like the Americans, labor under a philosophical dualism, and in both cases it is a theological heritage.
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