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Updated: June 21, 2025
Voice, tense, and mood are indicated by lines of different lengths, straight or curved, crossed, hooked, looped; adverbs and conjunctions by dots or points differently arranged. Wilkins' universal character therefore means a kind of shorthand writing of his Real Language.
For that matter I doubt if she had a vocabulary adequate to convey such information. Perhaps, all told, the Folk in that day had a vocabulary of thirty or forty sounds. I call them SOUNDS, rather than WORDS, because sounds they were primarily. They had no fixed values, to be altered by adjectives and adverbs. These latter were tools of speech not yet invented.
Adverbs of past time are formed by prefixing myn, e.g. mynhynne, a short time ago. Adverbs of future time are formed by prefixing la. The particles man, man la, and hala denote repetition. The Khasis are exceedingly fond of using double words which add much to the finish and polish of a sentence. Old people especially have a predilection this way.
I think there has rarely been a more admirable woman. Of course, Miss Iris was immensely and passionately attached to her. Well, these are two highly oxygenated adverbs, grateful, suppose we say, yes, grateful, dutiful, obedient to her wishes for the most part, perhaps not quite up to the concert pitch of such a perfect orchestra of the virtues.
In the gradual multiplication of parts of speech out of these primary ones in the differentiation of verbs into active and passive, of nouns into abstract and concrete in the rise of distinctions of mood, tense, person, of number and case in the formation of auxiliary verbs, of adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, articles in the divergence of those orders, genera, species, and varieties of parts of speech by which civilised races express minute modifications of meaning we see a change from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous.
The five other forms are declined in the same manner, the vowel of the last syllable only differing. Prepositions and adverbs end in t or d. The sixth form, dâky, masculine, has in this case no proper signification, and not being wanted, is not used. Individual letters or syllables are largely employed in combination to give new and even contradictory meanings to a root.
Fortunately, that member of Parliament had made the discovery in time not for himself, but for Elizabeth that the "Lord was better pleased with adverbs than nouns;" the well-known result being that the traitor was hanged and the Sovereign saved. Yet such was the condition of Europe at that day.
I wrote about a dozen papers of phrases in as many dialects, to show the mode of expressing in those dialects what we express by adverbs and prepositions, &c. This is, of course, the difficult part of a language for a stranger to find out. I also printed three, and have three more nearly finished in MS., vocabularies of about 600 words with a true native sehdia on each word.
The adverbs in -ly are likely to go to the wall in the not too distant future for this very reason and in face of their obvious usefulness. Another instance of the sacrifice of highly useful forms to this impatience of nuancing is the group whence, whither, hence, hither, thence, thither.
Children show in many little ways how natural it is to be mechanical. For instance, rather than think the ideas adverb and present active participle, they will recognize words ending in ly as adverbs, and those ending in ing as present active participles.
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