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Updated: June 20, 2025


There is no evidence of his having had any temple in Chaldaea during the early times. A belief in his existence is implied rather than expressed in inscriptions of the primitive kings, where the Moon-god is said to be "brother's son of Ana, and eldest son of Bil, or Belus."

Let me crush the Serpent Seba. Let me destroy Āapep when he is most strong. Let me see the Abtu Fish in its season and the Ant Fish in its lake. Let me see Horus steering thy boat, with Thoth and Maāt standing one on each side of him. Grant thou unto the Ka of me, the Osiris the scribe Ani, to behold the disk of the Sun, and to see the Moon-god regularly and daily.

Now the name of Mount Sinai is similarly derived from that of the Babylonian Moon-god Sin. It was the high place where the god must have been adored from early times under his Babylonian name. It thus points to Babylonian influence, if not to the presence of Babylonians on the spot.

On April 8, A.D. 217, having quitted Edessa with a small retinue for the purpose of visiting a famous temple of the Moon-God near Carrhaa, he was surprised and murdered on the way by Julius Martialis, one of his guards. His successor, Macrinus, though a Praetorian prefect, was no soldier, and would willingly have retired at once from the war. But the passions of the Parthians had been roused.

Night being a favorite time for the recital of the incantations, it was natural that the orb of night, the god Sin, should be added to the pantheon of the exorciser. Though playing a minor rôle, the moon-god is never omitted when a long series of protecting spirits is invoked. But there are occasions when Sin becomes the chief deity invoked.

May Â, the wife whom thou lovest, come before thee with joy; May thy heart be at rest, May the glory of thy divinity be established for thee. O Shamash! judge of the world, director of its laws art thou. In the previous chapter, the hymns addressed to the moon-god in connection with eclipses have been referred to and short specimens given.

For all that, he bears a name which signifies 'attendant' or 'servitor, and which sufficiently shows the subsidiary position that he occupied in the Babylonian pantheon. One of the rulers belonging to the dynasty of Isin calls the sun-god, the offspring of Nannar, one of the names of the moon-god, and the last king of Babylonia, Nabonnedos, does the same.

If the evil for which the individual or the country suffers is due to some natural phenomena, an eclipse of the moon, of which people stood in great terror, or a deluge or a famine, the moon-god, the storm-god, some phase of the sun-deity, or an agricultural god would naturally be implored; while in a general way the heads of the pantheon, Marduk in Babylonia and Ashur in Assyria, come in for a large share of attention.

Swipdag, helped by the incantations of his dead mother, whom he had raised from the dead to teach him spells of protection, sets forth on his quests. He is the Odusseus of the Teutonic mythology. He desires to avenge his father on Halfdan that slew him. To this end he must have a weapon of might against Halfdan's club. The Moon-god tells him of the blade Thiasse has forged.

Ishtar, it will be observed, is here called the daughter of the moon-god, whereas in the Gilgamesh epic she appears as the daughter of Anu, the god of heaven. Both designations reflect the views developed in the schools, and prove that the story has been produced under scholastic influences. Irkalla is one of the names for a god of the nether world, who is regarded as the associate of Allatu.

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