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Updated: May 5, 2025
Its longer axis, which is connected with a N.E. and S.W. line of fissure, is three-fifths of a nautical mile in length; its sides are nearly perpendicular, except in one spot, and about four hundred feet in height; they consist, in the lower part, of a pale basalt with feldspar, and in the upper part, of the tuff and loose ejected fragments; the bottom is smooth and level, and under almost any other climate a deep lake would have been formed here.
The cooled lava, being of firmer texture than the rocks of which the walls are composed, remains in some places; in others a narrow channel has been cut, leaving a line of basalt on either side. It is possible that the lava cooled faster on the sides against the walls, and that the centre ran out; but of this we can only conjecture.
Standing upon the pinnacle upon which is planted the marvellous Romanesque cathedral of Le Puy, and looking north, is seen in the distance the basaltic mass of Polignac crowned by a lofty donjon. That mass of columnar basalt was occupied and held sacred in Roman times, and was dedicated to Apollo.
As already remarked, no craters of eruption survive throughout the volcanic region of the North-east of Ireland, owing to the enormous extent of the denudation which this region has undergone since the Miocene Epoch; but the old "necks" of such craters in other words, the pipes filled with either solid basalt, or basalt and ashes are still to be found at intervals over the whole area.
Unless you write to warn the owners that you are coming, the first will be a 'banyan-day, the second comfortable enough. We then pass the Ponta da Queimada, whose layers of basalt are deeply caverned, and we open the Bay of Machico. The site, a broad, green and riant valley, with a high background, is softer and gayer than that of Funchal.
Just where it poured over the cañon wall is the fall. The whole north side, as far as we can see, is lined with the black basalt, and high up on the opposite wall are patches of the same material, resting on the benches, and filling old alcoves and caves, giving to the wall a spotted appearance.
Behind him was his body-guard. Before him Antipas stood, welcoming the Roman in Greek. In the sky now were the advancing steps of night; in crevices of the basalt the leaves of the baaras weed had begun to flicker. It was time for the festival to begin; and, preceding the guests, Antipas passed into a hall beyond. It was oblong, curved at the ends, and so vast that the roof was vague.
Often, where the water flows over beds of dark grey basalt, masses of trachyte, closely resembling syenite, have formed "potholes," and by mutual action have been worn to pebbles. At Pei-pei there are three circular pools, each about fifty feet in diameter, and separated by walls six feet thick, in a bed of columnar basalt.
The rocks underlying the Columbia lavas, where exposed to view, are seen to be cut by numerous great dikes of dense basalt, which mark the fissures through which the molten rock rose to the surface. The Tertiary included times of widespread and intense volcanic action in other continents as well as in North America.
This was to Jack Tiller, who came up to them touching his forelock. "Good-morning, Master Jack morning, Master Harry. We've got a fishing party on, gentlemen, and thought as you might like to jine us." "Who's going?" "Me and Sam Mason, Tommy Shipwright and Bill Adams, Joe Basalt and old Higgy only that lot among the common folk," added he, with a grin.
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