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Updated: June 8, 2025
The seigneuries were large, and from the seigneurs the king asked no more than that they should help to colonize their grants with settlers. It was expected, in turn, that the seigneurs would show a like spirit in all dealings with their dependants. Many of them did; but some did not.
"Chram, the son of the King of the Franks, arrived there this morning with his bodyguard; we come from the pond where we caught this mess of fish for to-night's supper." "As true as my beard is grey that is a good windfall for a poor man like me. I shall be able to amuse the noble seigneurs exhibiting my bear and monkey to them.
Death to the oppressors! Death to the seigneurs and the priests! "My brother then proceeded: "'Perish iniquity! Aye, perish slavery! Aye, perish misery and ignorance!
Besides being a Justice of the Peace and Colonel of Militia ... I employ myself without doors in farming, gardening, clearing and manuring land." The good bishop makes sweeping charges of general dishonesty; of attempts to defraud the church of her tithe and the seigneurs of their dues; of bitter feuds between families and innumerable law suits.
The signs which indicate such properties are 'wastes, landes, deserts, fern, ling. The neighbourhood of the great residences is well peopled 'with deer, wild boars, and wolves, 'Oh, he exclaims, 'if I was the legislator of France for a day, I would make such great lords skip again! 'Why, he asked, 'were the people miserable in lower Savoy? 'Because', was the reply, 'there are seigneurs everywhere'. Misery in Brittany was due 'to the execrable maxims of despotism or the equally detestable prejudices of a feudal nobility. There was nothing, he said, in the province but 'privileges and poverty, privileges of the nobles and poverty of the peasants.
At this period the monarch had become hereditary; not as king, but as individually possessor of a fief; the legislative authority belonged to the seigneurs, in their vast territories or in the barons' parliaments; and the judicial authority to the vassals in the manorial courts.
Around her stood the princes of the blood, and other princes and seigneurs, richly apparelled, also the chancellor of France in a robe of gold damask on a background of crimson-red. Before the queen, and on the same platform, were seated, in two rows, twelve duchesses or countesses, wearing ermine surcoats, bodices, robes, and circlets, that is to say, the coronets of duchesses and countesses.
Not a single sou was ever exacted by the crown from the great majority of the seigneurs. If agriculture made slow headway in New France it was not because officialdom exploited the land to its own profit. Never were the landowners of a new country treated more generously or given greater incentive to diligence. But if the king did not ask the seigneurs for money he asked for other things.
At Quebec it was not difficult to secure representatives of clergy and commons. But, as nobles seldom emigrated to Canada, some talent was needed to discover gentlemen of sufficient standing to represent the aristocracy. The situation was met by drawing upon the officers and the seigneurs.
One Brassard, who lived up the Murray River, seems to have been a frequent offender. It was easy to debauch the Indians with drink and then to get their furs for very little and the seigneurs needed always to be alert. In 1778 we find Malcolm Fraser making with one Hugh Blackburn a bargain which outlines what the seigneurs tried to do in regard to trade.
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