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Chauliac's right to the title of father of surgery will perhaps be best appreciated from the brief account of his recommendations as to the value of surgical intervention for conditions in the three most important cavities of the body, the skull, the thorax, and the abdomen. These cavities have usually been the dread of surgeons.
We French have the expression "Naked as a worm," to point to the lack of any defensive covering. Now the Lampyris is clothed, that is to say, he wears an epidermis of some consistency; moreover, he is rather richly coloured: his body is dark brown all over, set off with pale pink on the thorax, especially on the lower surface.
In the case of a smaller bee visiting the flower, the insect would find it necessary to creep further into the opening, and thus might bring its thorax against the pollen-glands. In either case the change of position in the pollinia would insure the same result. We have thus seen adaptation to the thorax, the eyes, and the face in the three examples given.
Let us return to the "church" and break down the yellow curtain which closes the front of each chapel. Two thick muscular pillars are visible, of a pale orange colour; they join at an angle, forming a ~V~, of which the point lies on the median line of the insect, against the lower face of the thorax.
Hillier speaks of an instance of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in which nearly all the small intestines and two-thirds of the large passed into the right side of the thorax. Macnab reports an instance in which three years after the cure of empyema the whole stomach constituted the hernia.
Now eight heads, if divided into halves, give four as the measure of throat and thorax; and four heads to the length of the leg from the acetabulum to the heel, divided themselves into two heads going to the thigh and two heads to the shank; while in the cross measurement two heads equal the breadth of the chest, and three measure the length from the shoulder to the middle finger.
When on his back he was unable to rise up, but resting on the lower part of the pelvis he was able to maintain himself erect. He usually picked up objects with his teeth, and could hold a coin in the axilla as he rolled from place to place. His rolling was accomplished by a peculiar twisting of the thorax and bending of the pelvis.
Head thorax and upper wings of a rich brown colour, the outer edge of the last is deep black, with a transverse yellowish spot just before the middle, the remainder of the edge slightly spotted with black, upper side covered with short blackish hairs; lower wings deep black; abdomen of a bright red, with a round white tuft on the upper side near the end; first two pairs of legs of a deep brown, with some reddish lines; hind legs ferruginous with blackish spines.
Nicolaus Novocomensis narrates the details of the case of one of his friends, suffering from a penetrating wound of the thorax, who was relieved and ultimately cured by a bloody evacuation with the stool. There is an extraordinary recovery reported in a boy of fifteen who, by falling into the machinery of an elevator, was severely injured about the chest.
Not much," answered Mr. Kernan. "But it's so sickening. I feel as if I wanted to retch off." "That's the boose," said Mr. Cunningham firmly. "No," said Mr. Kernan. "I think I caught cold on the car. There's something keeps coming into my throat, phlegm or " "Mucus." said Mr. M'Coy. "It keeps coming like from down in my throat; sickening." "Yes, yes," said Mr. M'Coy, "that's the thorax."
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