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Updated: May 22, 2025
In the long religious history of the Hindus many of the gods prominent in the Veda disappear or sink into subordinate positions, and deities at first unimportant become supreme. The Greek succession of dynasties resembles the Babylonian. The ancient Heaven and Earth are followed by Kronos, and he is dethroned by Zeus, who represents governmental order and a higher ethical scheme of society.
And Zeus son of Kronos sheweth them signs upon the right by lightning, and Hector greatly exulteth in his might and rageth furiously, trusting in Zeus, and recketh not of god nor man, for mighty madness hath possessed him.
In my immortal veins is Kronos' blood, Right royally now swells my godlike heart. Revenge! revenge! Shall she unpunished ridicule my might? Unpunished, discord roll amongst the gods, Inviting Eris to invade the courts, The joyous courts of heaven? Vain, thoughtless one! Perish, and learn upon the Stygian stream The difference 'twixt divine and earthly dust!
He was identified with Kronos, made the father of Jupiter and the head of a pre-Jovian divine dynasty, and, in accordance with the tendency to regard the former days as better than the present, the Saturnia regna became the golden age of the past. Apart from this he seems to have had no ethical significance.
And beholding then the son of Kronos of the crooked counsels took pity on them, and he spake to Hera, his sister and wife: "Ah woe is me for that it is fated that Sarpedon, the best-beloved of men to me, shall be subdued under Patroklos son of Menoitios.
He avoided using the poems in which he thought Schubert had exactly conveyed the poet's meaning, as in Geheimes and An Schwager Kronos; but he told Müller that there were times when Schubert did not understand Goethe at all, because he concerned himself with translating their general lyrical thought rather than with showing the real nature of Goethe's characters.
And the son of Kronos gave unto her a people that wooeth mailed war, a people of the horse and of the spear, and knowing well the touch of Olympia's golden olive-leaves. Thus shoot I arrows many, and without falsehood I have hit the mark.
Muller, naturally, examines first the name of the god whose legend he is investigating. He writes: 'There is no such being as Kronos in Sanskrit. Kronos did not exist till long after Zeus in Greece. This is a very simple and very common form of mythological expression. This may be a very old myth in Greece; but the misunderstanding which gave rise to it could have happened in Greece only.
Such an otiose form may sometimes indicate a succession of divine quasi-dynasties, somewhat as in the Greek sequence of Ouranos, Kronos, Zeus. Handed down from a former generation, he becomes dim and is neglected. That he is not worshiped is a result of the fact that other divine beings, standing nearer to existing human interests, have come to the front.
Horatio Hale, the veteran among comparative ethnologists, Professor Tiele, in his Le Mythe de Kronos , has very strongly protested against the downright misrepresentations of what I and my friends have really written. 'Professor Tiele had been appealed to as an unimpeachable authority.
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