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Updated: May 31, 2025
Letter of Devereux Smith June 10, 1774, Gibson's letter, Also Jefferson MSS. Historical Magazine, I., p. 168. Born in Albemarle County, Va., November 19, 1752. The Cresap apologists, including even Brantz Mayer, dwell on Cresap's nobleness in not massacring Logan's family!
More than a score were found in the woods covered deep with brush, and many were thrown into the river. This battle ended Dunmore's War, also known as Cresap's War and the Shawnee War. So far as actual fighting and losses are considered it was a drawn battle.
The Mingos sent out runners to the other tribes, telling of the butchery, and calling on all the red men to join together for immediate and bloody vengeance. They confused the two massacres, attributing both to Cresap, whom they well knew as a warrior; and their women for long afterwards scared the children into silence by threatening them with Cresap's name as with that of a monster.
Clark's remembrance of his rallying Cresap shows that the speech contained Cresap's name and that it was read before the army; several other witnesses, whose names are not necessary to mention, simply corroborate Clark's statements, and a large amount of indirect evidence to the same effect could be produced, were there the least necessity.
Then Luther Martin, of Maryland, attacked its authenticity, partly because he was Cresap's son-in-law, and partly because he was a Federalist and a bitter opponent of Jefferson. Like all of his successors in the same line, he confused two entirely distinct things, viz., the justice of the charge against Cresap, and the authenticity of Logan's speech.
"Cresap's War" was the name the Indians gave to the bloody encounters between small parties of whites and Indians, which followed on that war dance and scalping, during the summer months. One of these encounters must be detailed here because history has assigned it as the immediate cause of Dunmore's War.
When goaded by memories of evil, or when swayed by swift, fitful gusts of fury, the uncontrolled violence of their passions led them to commit deeds whose inhuman barbarity almost equalled, though it could never surpass, that shown by the Indians themselves. But Logan's people did not profit by Cresap's change of heart.
"I was favored by being constantly in Captain Cresap's company, and watched the behavior of his men and the manner in which he treated them, for is seems that all who go out to war under him do not only pay the most willing obedience to him as their commander, but in every instance of distress look up to him as their friend and father.
His statement as against Gibson's would be worthless anyhow; fortunately his testimony as to the omission of Cresap's name from the speech is also flatly contradicted by Clark.
Here was a tall backwoodsman in his coonskin cap, buckskin shirt and leggings, with his long and deadly rifle, totally unadorned by the glint of silver or chasing on the barrel to betray him to his redskin neighbour and you knew that one of Cresap's riflemen was before you. By his side, for the moment, was a young tobacco planter from Prince George.
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