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Updated: May 18, 2025
Cassalis to Cromwell: State Papers, Vol. VII. pp. 620, 621. State Papers, Vol. VII. pp. 620, 621. Strype's Memor. Eccles., Vol. These words are curious as directly attributing the conduct of the monks to the influence of More and Fisher. Cromwell to Gardiner: Burnet's Collectanea, pp. 460, 461.
He had no especial reason for choosing the Bishop of Rochester, except that he had a high reputation for learning, and he imagined, therefore, that the king would be gratified. "He implored me," Cassalis wrote, "to make his excuses to his Majesty, and to assure him how deeply he regretted his mistake, especially when I assured him that the step was of a kind which admitted of no excuse."
There was duplicity of a kind; this cannot be denied; and if not designed to effect this object, this object in fact it answered. While Clement was talking smoothly to Bennet and Cassalis, secret overtures were advanced at Paris for a meeting at Nice between the pope, the emperor, and the King of France, from which Henry was to be excluded.
He had defeated the Imperialists in the north of Italy in several minor engagements; and in January his success appeared so probable, that the pope took better heart, and told Sir Gregory Cassalis, that if the French would only approach near enough to enable him to plead compulsion, he would grant a commission to Wolsey, with plenary power to conclude the cause.
Only in a revulsion from violent despondency could such a man as Wolsey have allowed himself, on the mere arrival of the legate, and after a few soft words from him, to write in the following strain to Sir Gregory Cassalis: "You cannot believe the exultation with which at length I find myself successful in the object for which these many years, with all my industry, I have laboured.
The assumption of the supremacy was a fixed purpose, which he was prepared to make a question of life and death; and with this resolution they must thenceforward make their account. On the 1st of June, Cassalis wrote from Rome that the French ambassador had received a letter concerning certain friars who had been put to death in England for denying the king to be Head of the Church.
After the final sentence was passed, he had urged, though vainly, the reconsideration of that fatal step; and though slow and cautious, although he was a person who, as Sir Gregory Cassalis described him, "would accomplish little, but would make few mistakes," he had allowed his opinion upon this, as on other matters connected with the English quarrel, to be generally known.
The Pope, alarmed at the expressions which he was told that Cassalis had used, sent in haste to urge him, if possible, to allay the storm. He was not ashamed to stoop to falsehood but falsehood too awkward to deceive even the most willing credulity. He had thought, he said, of nothing but to please Henry.
The pope, in a paroxysm of anger, declared that if he had seen his own nephews murdered in his presence, it would not have so much affected him; and Cassalis said he heard, from good authority, that they would do their worst, and intended to make the Bishop of Rochester's death of more account than that of the martyr St. Thomas. Nor was the anger or the surprise confined to Rome.
So cold an answer could have arisen only from deep distrust; it is difficult to say whether the distrust was wholly deserved. Analogous advances, made indirectly from the pope were met with the same reserve. Sir Gregory Cassalis wrote to Cromwell, that Farnese, or Paul III., as he was now called, had expressed the greatest desire to please the king.
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