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Updated: May 4, 2025
Born in Graz-Styria. Pupil of Professor W. von Lindenschmit in Munich, of M. Dagnan Bouveret and M. Courtois in Paris. Her picture, "A Parting," is in the Liverpool Gallery; "Childhood's Wonder," in the Nottingham Gallery; "Aucassin and Nicolette," in the Pittsburg Gallery, etc. Mrs. Stokes writes me that she has taken great interest in the revival of tempera painting in recent years.
I have already spoken of the tempera pieces in S. Domenico. Ricci, perhaps the mediocre work of Ragazzini. The third picture by Rondinelli in the Accademia, the Madonna and Child between S. Alberto and S. Sebastian, comes from the church of the Carmelites, S. Giovanni Battista.
Among this crowd of unimpressive, nay brainless, representations of one of the grandest and sweetest of all stories, there stand out two an Annunciation by Signorelli, a small oil painting in the Uffizi, and one by Botticelli, a large tempera picture in the same room.
Along the wall here are the nine large tempera pictures by Mantegna "one of the chief heroes in the advance of painting in Italy" in which are represented "The Triumph of Cæsar". Says Mr.
Mary Putnam Jacobi in the Boylston prize essay for 1876; showing that menstrual life is associated with a wave of well-marked vital energy, which manifests itself in a monthly fluctuation of the tempera ture of the body, in the daily amount of the excretion of urea and of carbonic acid, and of the rate and tension of the pulse.
The mediums of oils and tempera are especially adapted to the requirements of those who see things rather as a diaper of shapes than as a map of lines; while for these last the point of pen, burin, or etching-needle offers the most congenial implement.
To these, nevertheless, there must be added another scarcely less important, namely, that the early Italians were ignorant of the use of what we now call oil paints, and worked entirely in tempera that is to say, there was no admixture of oil or varnish with their pigments.
It is then used like water in water-colour work, but is called 'tempera' or 'distemper. The effect of the egg is to produce an easy flow of the colour with so little liquid that the paint does not run on the surface, as it easily does in ordinary water-colours. The effect of the yellow yolk of the egg upon the tints is insignificant, unless too much be used.
Then you will find two good examples of his tempera painting on wooden panels in the Uffizi Gallery: an Adoration of the Magi, and a Madonna and Saints, which are in the Sala di Lorenzo Monaco near Fra Angelico's Madonna the one which is surrounded by the famous musical Angels. Others are in the Pitti Gallery and Academy.
The thought, occasioned by the cracking of a picture in tempera exposed to the sun, is due to Hubert Van Eyck. The great picture of the Van Eycks, which was worked at for a number of years by both Hubert and John, and, as some reckon, touched by the whole family, is the 'Adoration of the Lamb, at St Bavon's, Ghent.
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