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Portugal, indeed, as the Brazilian critic points out, was then in its golden period. It boasted chroniclers like Fernao Lopes, novelists like Bernardim Ribeiro, historians like Joao de Barros, and dramatists of the stamp of Gil Vicente. The Jesuit colleges, too, were followed by other orders, spreading Latin culture and maintaining communication between the interior and the important centers.
Early voyages of Portuguese to coast of Africa Prince Henry of Portugal Cape Bojador discovered Madeira visited by Gonzales Dom Joao the Second Bartholomew Diaz discovers Cape of Storms, called by the King Cape of Good Hope Envoys sent to Prester John King Manuel fits out a squadron Appoints Vasco da Gama to command them Paulo da Gama Nicholas Coelho Grand ceremony at leave-taking Squadron sails Meet at Cape de Verde Islands Enter a bay on African coast Intercourse with natives Veloso nearly caught by them Ships stand off the land Terror of the crews Wish to return Da Gama refuses The Cape of Good Hope doubled Ships stand along south coast of Africa No natives seen A tremendous gale Clamours to return Mutiny suppressed by a device of Coelho's Da Gama puts his pilots in irons.
Dom João I. granted the palace in 1385 to Dom Henrique de Vilhena, but he soon sided with the Spaniards, for he was of Spanish birth, his possessions were confiscated and Cintra returned to the Crown. Some of the previous kings may have done something to the palace, but it was King João who first made it one of the chief royal residences, and who built a very large part of it.
If Evora and the Templar church at Thomar show one form of transition, where the arches are pointed, but the construction and detail is romanseque, São João de Alporão at Santarem shows another, where the construction is Gothic but the arches are still all round.
The king was greatly surprised to see the garden in the morning and he was very angry at Guimara and D. Joaõ. Guimara was so frightened at her father's terrible wrath that she decided to run away with D. Joaõ. She counselled him to procure the best horse from her father's stable for them to ride.
Vasari says that Sansovino built for Dom João a beautiful palace with four towers, and that part of it was decorated by him with paintings, and it was because Haupt believed that this castle was built round an arcaded court a regular Italian feature, but one quite unknown in Portugal that he thought it must be Sansovino's lost palace.
The Portuguese squadron consisted of Don Joaõ, 74; Constitucaõ,50; Perola, 44; Princeza Real,28; Calypso, 22; Regeneracaõ, 26; Activa, 22; Dez de Fevereiro, 26; Audaz, 20; S. Gaulter, 26; Principe do Brazil, 26; Restauracaõ, 26; Canceicaõ, 8; with between sixty and seventy merchant vessels and transports filled with troops.
To-day one is too ready to forget that Portugal was the pioneer in geographical discovery, that the Portuguese were the first Westerns to reach Japan, and that, had João II. listened to Columbus, it would have been to Portugal and not to Spain that he would have given a new world.
This they succeeded in doing; but on finding the sea breaking furiously on another cape farther to the south, to which they gave the name of Bojador, they also turned back. The next year the Prince sent a second expedition under Joao Gonzales.
In 1828 Uruguay was declared independent, much to the dissatisfaction of a great number of Brazilians, who advocated the retention of the Banda Oriental as a province of Brazil. On March 10, 1826, Dom. João died. As soon as the tidings reached Brazil the Emperor assumed the title of King of Portugal, in addition to that of Emperor of Brazil.
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