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Updated: June 16, 2025
How do the cells enable the body to grow? Describe the process of cell-division. How does the general work of cells differ from their special work? Define absorption, excretion, and assimilation as applied to the cells. Compare the conditions surrounding a one-celled animal, living in water, to the conditions surrounding the cells in the body.
It would be curious and well worth while to follow out the peculiar connection between the use of coffee and the excretion of phosphorus, which has been before hinted at. Other experiments of Dr.
Excretions such as this mean a violent wasting away of vitality and power. Taken in large quantities into the stomach, tobacco not only causes an excretion of mucus from the mouth, throat, and breathing organs, but it produces an overtaxing of the liver; that is, this organ overworks in order to counteract the presence of the poison.
The text-books from which the sexual system is entirely omitted ought no longer to be tolerated. The nature and secretion of the testicles, the meaning of the ovaries and of menstruation, as well as the significance of metabolism and the urinary excretion, should be clear in their main lines to all boys and girls who have reached the age of puberty.
The first are usually called true secretions, or secretions proper, while the second are called excretions. *Excretory Work of Glands.*—The process of removing wastes from the body is called excretion. While in theory excretion may be regarded as a distinct physiological act, it is, in fact, leaving out the work of the lungs, but a phase of the work of glands.
This explains the increased excretion of the kidneys in cold weather. Of the inorganic constituents of sweat, common salt is the largest and most important. Some carbon dioxid passes out through the skin, but not more than 1/50 as much as escapes by the lungs. The sweat ordinarily passes off as vapor.
As to catching the residuum of the process, or what we call thought, the gaseous ashes of burned-out thinking, the excretion of mental respiration, that will depend on many things, as, on having a favorable intellectual temperature about one, and a fitting receptacle.
In exactly the same way it is of prime importance to get the patient to attend to the natural habits of excretion. He should be led to the toilet or to a chair commode, and efforts to this end should be persistent, just as are those of a good child’s nurse who has the ambition of making her charge develop normal habits.
The post-mortem appearances in death from starvation are as follows: There is marked general emaciation; the skin is dry, shrivelled, and covered with a brown, bad-smelling excretion; the muscles soft, atrophied, and free from fat; the liver is small, but the gall-bladder is distended with bile. The heart, lungs, and internal organs are shrivelled and bloodless.
He does not, however, conclude that excretion in private is an indelicate act, nor does any sense of delicacy oblige him to maintain, with regard to companions of his own sex and age, the reticence which has become habitual to him in his relations with adults. Why should the child think it "dirty" to fondle and excite his private parts or to talk about them with his boy friends?
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