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Updated: June 10, 2025
He belongs to the Eleatic school in respect of doctrine and method, but we have no evidence of his ever having resided at Elea, nor any reference to his connection with the philosophers there, except the statement that he was a pupil of Parmenides. He developed very fully what is technically called in the science of Logic the Dilemma.
Democritus was in no way a modern experimental scientist, but he met the Eleatic metaphysics with another set of speculative considerations which happened to be nearer what is now regarded as the truth than theirs.
The ancient problems of philosophy, from the time of the Eleatic school onwards, find here their adequate formulation. Kant’s disciple, Fries, has carried the matter further, and has attempted to develop what for Kant still remained a sort of embarrassment of reason to more precise pronouncements as to the relation of true being to its manifestation, The Antimony of Our Conception of Time.
The negation and contradiction which are involved in the conception of the One and Many are preliminary to their final adjustment. The Platonic Ideas are tested by the interrogative method of Socrates; the Eleatic One or Being is tried by the severer and perhaps impossible method of hypothetical consequences, negative and affirmative.
In the mysterious cavern of Phigalia, for instance, on the Eleatic shore of Peloponnese, there may have been in remote times so the legend ran an old black wooden image, a woman with a horse's head and mane, and serpents growing round her head, who held a dolphin in one hand and a dove in the other.
He attributes new meanings to the words of Parmenides and Heracleitus; but at times the old Eleatic philosophy appears to go beyond him; then the world of phenomena disappears, but the doctrine of ideas is also reduced to nothingness. All of them are nearer to one another than they themselves supposed, and nearer to him than he supposed.
Fourthly, Defects in Popular Courts of Law. Progress of General Education. History. Its Ionian Origin. Early Historians. Acusilaus. Cadmus. Eugeon. Hellanicus. Pherecides. Xanthus. View of the Life and Writings of Herodotus. Progress of Philosophy since Thales. Philosophers of the Ionian and Eleatic Schools. Pythagoras. His Philosophical Tenets and Political Influence.
Adopting the Eleatic doctrine that like can be only known by like, fire by fire, love by love, the recognition of the divine by man is sufficient proof that the Divine exists. His primary elements were four Earth, Air, Fire, and Water; to these he added two principles, Love and Hate. The four elements he regarded as four gods, or divine eternal forces, since out of them all things are made.
ELEATIC PHILOSOPHY presents a great Advance, indicating a rapid Approach to Oriental Ideas. It assumes a Pantheistic Aspect. RISE OF PHILOSOPHY IN EUROPEAN GREECE. Relations and Influence of the Mediterranean Commercial and Colonial System. Athens attains to commercial Supremacy. Her vast Progress in Intelligence and Art. Her Demoralization.
To the names already given as belonging to the Eleatic school may be added that of Melissus of Samos, who also founded his argument on the nature of Being, deducing its unity, unchangeability, and indivisibility. He denied, like the rest of his school, all change and motion, regarding them as mere illusions of the senses.
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