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Updated: June 10, 2025
Thus did the Eleatic philosophers speculate almost contemporaneously with the Ionians, on the beginning of things and the origin of knowledge, taking different grounds, and attempting to correct the representations of sense by the notions of reason. But both schools, although they did not establish many truths, raised an inquisitive spirit and awakened freedom of thought and inquiry.
So much of a syncretist is Plato, though not after the manner of the Neoplatonists. For the elements which he borrows from others are fused and transformed by his own genius. On the other hand we find fewer traces in Plato of early Ionic or Eleatic speculation.
In a similar spirit he criticizes the Eleatic doctrine of Being, not intending to deny Ontology, but showing that the old Eleatic notion, and the very name 'Being, is unable to maintain itself against the subtleties of the Megarians. He did not mean to say that Being or Substance had no existence, but he is preparing for the development of his later view, that ideas were capable of relation.
Aeolic Lyric Poets; Alcasus; Sappho; Anacreon. 9. Doric, or Choral Lyric Poets; Alcman; Stesichorus; Pindar. 10. The Orphic Doctrines and Poems. 11. Pre-Socratic Philosophy; Ionian, Eleatic, Pythagorean Schools. 12. History; Herodotus. Literary Predominance of Athens. 2. Greek Drama. 3. Tragedy. 4. The Tragic Poets; Aeschylus; Sophocles; Euripides. 5. Comedy; Aristophanes; Menander. 6.
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