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Updated: June 13, 2025
The Epirot militia nowhere offered resistance; the important seaport towns of Oricum and Apollonia along with a number of smaller townships were taken, and Dyrrhachium, selected by the Pompeians as their chief arsenal and filled with stores of all sorts, but only feebly garrisoned, was in the utmost danger. Caesar Cut Off from Italy
So Calvinus and Scipio met again on the Haliacmon, and encamped there for a considerable time opposite to each other. Caesar's Retreat from Dyrrachium to Thessaly Pompeius might choose among these plans; no choice was left to Caesar. After that unfortunate engagement he entered on his retreat to Apollonia. Pompeius followed.
Since, with the exception of the ports at the mouth of the Po, there were in those times no emporia worthy of mention along the whole east coast the rise of Ancona belongs to a far later period, and later still the rise of Brundisium it may well be conceived that the mariners of Epidamnus and Apollonia frequently discharged their cargoes at Tarentum.
But at last, perceiving that he began to corrupt his officers, and was trying to raise a mutiny amongst the soldiers, he put him aboard a ship and kept him close prisoner. In the meantime the soldiers that had been corrupted by Caius retired to Apollonia, and sent word to Brutus, desiring him to come to them thither.
With his army presumably little above 20,000 strong he could not offer battle to that of Pompeius at least twice as numerous, but had to deem himself fortunate that Pompeius went methodically to work and, instead of immediately forcing a battle, took up his winter quarters between Dyrrhachium and Apollonia on the right bank of the Apsus, facing Caesar on the left, in order that after the arrival of the legions from Pergamus in the spring he might annihilate the enemy with an irresistibly superior force.
As he had not accomplished this, Cæsar posted himself on the River Apsus between Apollonia and Dyrrachium. There was to be a general proscription, and Rome was to see the times of Sulla revived. But the courage and wisdom of one man defeated the designs of these senseless nobles. Shakspere has employed this in his Julius Cæsar, Act V. Sc. 1: "Their bloody sign of battle is hung out."
Brutus, taking charge of these, led an expedition against Antonius, who was in Apollonia: the latter came out to meet him, whereupon Brutus won over his soldiers and confined him within the walls, whither he fled before him. The senators, who by chance already felt suspicious of Caesar, praised him strongly and bade him govern all that region.
His first attempt, which was made in the very year of the battle of Cannae , to obtain possession of the city of Apollonia, failed in a way almost ridiculous, for Philip turned back in all haste on receiving the totally groundless report that a Roman fleet was steering for the Adriatic.
Nearly about the same time a Roman army of some 25,000 men under the praetor Marcus Baebius landed at Apollonia. The war was thus begun on both sides. Attitude of the Minor Powers Carthage and Hannibal Everything depended on the extent to which that comprehensively- planned coalition against Rome, of which Antiochus came forward as the head, might be realized.
He also entered into relations with the Getae, beyond the Haemus, and garrisoned Apollonia on the Euxine. These operations were all preparatory to his projected attack upon Byzantium. But the immediate subject of the present Speech was the state of affairs in the Chersonese in 342. Soon after the Peace of Philocrates, Athens sent settlers to the Chersonese under Diopeithes.
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