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Updated: June 12, 2025
Let us now examine the views of those who hold a more optimistic attitude. Some observers stress strongly Islam's liberal tendencies as a foundation on which to erect political structures in the modern sense. Vambéry says, "Islam is still the most democratic religion in the world, a religion favouring both liberty and equality.
Up to the time at which Vambery, the celebrated historian of Hungary, begins the present narrative, the growth of the national spirit had been more and more evident each year since the end of the Napoleonic wars. For more than two centuries Hungary had been under the oppressive rule of Austria.
The King stood bare-headed on the balcony as the procession passed the palace; and on March 21st he came forward in public waving the black, red, and gold flag of Germany. THE REVOLT OF HUNGARY, Arminius Vambery Deep interest throughout the civilized world was aroused by the unavailing struggle of Hungary, in 1848, for national independence.
"Of course, at present, the bond of Pan-Islamism is composed of tenuous and dispersed strands. But Western aggression might easily unite those strands into a solid whole, bringing about a general war". In the decades which have elapsed since Vambéry wrote those lines the situation has become much more tense.
Let our newly awakened powers cry out for unlimited fulfilment in leaf and flower and fruit! The opportuneness of the Baha movement is brought into a bright light by the following extract from a letter to the Master from the great Orientalist and traveller, Arminius Vambéry.
A. C. Swinburne, who had just published his first book, The Queen Mother and Rosamund, and Vambery, the Hungarian linguist and traveller. Born in Hungary, of poor Jewish parents, Vambery had for years a fierce struggle with poverty.
One of these pioneers was the Turkish notable Aali Pasha, who was said to remark: "What we want is rather an increase of fanaticism than a diminution of it." Arminius Vambéry, the eminent Hungarian Oriental scholar, states that shortly after the Crimean War he was present at a militant Pan-Islamic gathering, attended by emissaries from far parts of the Moslem world, held at Aali Pasha's palace.
See also Vambéry, Western Culture in Eastern Lands; General Sir T. E. Gordon, "The Reform Movement in Persia," Proceedings of the Central Asian Society, 13 March, 1907. E. G. Browne, "The Present Situation in Persia," Contemporary Review, November, 1912. Vambéry, La Turquie d'aujourd'hui et d'avant Quarante Ans, pp. 11-12.
Certainly, the materials for a holy war have long been heaping high. More than twenty years ago Arminius Vambéry, who knew the Moslem world as few Europeans have ever known it, warned the West of the perils engendered by recklessly imperialistic policies. "As time passes," he wrote in 1898, "the danger of a general war becomes ever greater.
Not far off is the Arche, which is the fortified palace of the emir and has a modern clock over the door. Arminius Vambery thought the palace had a gloomy look, and so do I, although the bronze cannon which defend the entrance appear more artistic than destructive.
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