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His conduct to the Earl of March, the heir of Richard II., and the respect he paid to the memory of that unhappy king himself, are proofs of a generous nature; and of all his conquests, the greatest he ever achieved was the first that over himself. By PROFESSOR A. VAMBÉRY
Thus, Arminius Vambéry, revisiting Constantinople in 1896, was astounded by the liberal evolution that had taken place since his first sojourn in Turkey forty years before. Although Constantinople was subjected to the severest phase of Hamidian despotism, Vambéry wrote, "The old attachment of Turkey for the absolute régime is done for.
He had with him no organised escort of men and mules such as accompanied Sir Sven Hedin in his more recent and better advertised expedition. He went alone and in disguise, as Burton went on his pilgrimage to Mecca; on intimate terms with the natives as Mr. Doughty was with the Arabs; a mendicant as Arminius Vambery has been in Asiatic Turkey and Persia.
B. Hill from a popular French work ; William Coxe, House of Austria, 4 vols. Ill; C. M. Knatchbull-Hugessen, The Political Evolution of the Hungarian Nation, Vol. I , ch. iv-vii; Armin Vambery, The Story of Hungary , in the "Story of the Nations" Series. In German: Franz Krones, Handbuch der Geschichte Oesterreichs, 5 vols.
The next morning he had an interview with Colonel Vambéry, who endeavored to dissuade him from his enterprise. Vambéry's prudent reasons made no impression on the prince, and he then promised his assistance. Having done so, Louis Napoleon offered him a paper, securing a pension of 10,000 francs to each of his two children, in case he should be killed.
But that they will either attempt or desire an aggressive campaign against India is quite beyond expectation. It is but a few years ago that English travelers were killed for having made their way into Central Asia in disguise, and Vambery, the Hungarian traveler, was considered to have performed a great feat because he returned from there with his life.
Last but not least there are growing symptoms of social unrest and revolutionary agitation, which we will examine in the next chapter. Vambéry, La Turquie d'aujourd'hui et d'avant Quarante Ans, p. 13. I. e. the priestly class. Vambéry, La Turquie d'aujourd'hui et d'avant Quarante Ans, p. 15. Vambéry, La Turquie d'aujourd'hui et d'avant Quarante Ans, p. 51.
A good account of these liberal movements during the nineteenth century is found in Vambéry, "Freiheitliche Bestrebungen im moslimischen Asien," Deutsche Rundschau, October, 1893; a shorter summary of Vambéry's views is found in his Western Culture in Eastern Lands, especially chap. v. Also, see articles by Léon Cahun, previously noted, in Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Générale, Vols. XI. and XII.
In fine: "Destruction has done its work, but the work of construction has not yet begun." Like Vambéry, Bukhsh lays strong emphasis on the increasing emancipation of women. No longer regarded as mere "child-bearing machines," the Mohammedan women of India "are getting educated day by day, and now assert their rights.
Vambéry, supra, p. 332. Cromer, Political and Literary Essays, pp. 25-28. E. J. Dillon, "Persia not Ripe for Self-Government," Contemporary Review, April, 1910. "Egypt," No. 1 , p. 6. Rev. J. P. Jones, "The Present Situation in India," Journal of Race Development, July, 1910. Dr. T. Madavan Nair, "Caste and Democracy," Edinburgh Review, October, 1918.
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