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Updated: May 16, 2025
Then Massasoit described the treaty that he had made with the palefaces in which the settlers and the Wampanoags had agreed to remain friends and to help each other in every way they could. To make the treaty as strong as possible, the palefaces had written it down on paper and had signed their names to it. The Indians did not know how to read or write.
Winslow leaning against a great white birch on the edge of the little glade rested his left hand upon the hilt of his sword, and setting the other upon his hip imitated the immobility of the savages, and in his glistening steel cap and hauberk, his gauntlets and greaves, his bristling moustache and steady outlook, presented the fitting counterpart to the savage grandeur of Massasoit.
In 1665, he heard that an Indian had spoken disrespectfully of his father, Massasoit. To avenge the insult, he pursued the offender from place to place, until, at last, he tracked him to the island of Nantucket. Taking a canoe, Philip proceeded to the island. Assasamooyh, who, by speaking ill of the dead, had, according to Indian law, forfeited his life, was a Christian Indian.
Farther inquiry elicited the fact that the former inhabitants of Plymouth, or Patuxet, a people tributary to Massasoit, but living under their own sachem, had been totally exterminated by a plague, perhaps small-pox, which had swept over the country two or three years before the landing of the Pilgrims, leaving, so far as Samoset could tell, only one man alive; this man seeking refuge among the Nausets, the tribe to the east of Patuxet, was one of the victims entrapped by Hunt, escaping from whom, he lived a long time in England with a merchant of London named Slaney, who finally sent him in a fishing vessel to Newfoundland, whence he had made his way back to his friends on Cape Cod.
Is it any wonder that Philip felt that the whites were his natural enemies? After that time, Massasoit said, the Indians had refused to have any dealings with the whites. Whenever a white man's vessel came in sight, the Indians prepared to shoot any one that came ashore.
He had married Wetamoo, who was the young squaw sachem of the neighboring village of Pocasset, to the east. Philip married her sister, Woo-to-ne-kau-ske. When late in 1661 the sage Massasoit died, Alexander became grand sachem of the Pokanoket league. Now the long reign of Massasoit had been broken.
Governor Bradford's journey. Theft committed. Return of the articles. The Weymouth settlers implore aid. Disgraceful proceeding. Injustice of Hudibras. Sickness of Massasoit. Deputation from Plymouth. The journey. Reported death of Massasoit. Hobbomak. Hospitality of Corbitant's wife. Arrival at Mount Hope. Massasoit's welcome. His recovery. Kindness of the Pilgrims. Mr. Winslow as physician.
The United Colonies of New England. A confederacy. Indian conspiracy. Indian outrages. Opposition of the English to war. Death of Massasoit. Changing names. Sons of Massasoit. Wetamoo. Decline of Indian power. Mutual wrongs. Alexander summoned to court. He promises to attend. Departure of Major Winslow. He finds Alexander. Preparations for the arrest. Rage of Alexander. The forced compliance.
Captain Standish, in words of conciliation and of firmness, informed them that, though Corbitant had escaped, yet, if he continued his hostility, no place of retreat would secure him from punishment; and that, if any violence were offered to Massasoit or to any of his subjects by the Narragansets, or by any one else, the colonists would avenge it to the utter overthrow of those thus offending.
A few of them, also, lived on the large islands farther south, Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard. Three centuries ago Massasoit, Philip's father, was the grand sachem, or ruler, of the Wampanoags. His people did not form one united tribe. They had no states, cities, and villages, with governors, mayors, and aldermen, as we have.
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