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Updated: May 19, 2025
The cranial or cerebral nerves consist of twelve pairs of nerves which pass from the brain through different openings in the base of the skull, and are distributed over the head and face, also to some parts of the trunk and certain internal organs. These nerves proceed in pairs from the corresponding parts of each side of the brain, chiefly to the organs of smell, taste, hearing, and sight.
One point only calls for closer inquiry. Until a year or two ago it was customary to state that in cranial capacity also that is to say, in the volume of brain-matter that the skull might contain the Neanderthal race was intermediate between the Ape-Man and modern man. This seemed to be an effective and convincing indication of evolution, but recent writers have seriously criticised it.
The fibromatosis may also affect the cranial nerves, the ganglia on the posterior nerve roots, the nerves within the vertebral canal, and the sympathetic nerves and ganglia, as well as the continuations of the motor nerves within the muscles.
Others of less significance could be named. One important character is that of the cranial sutures, which close much earlier in the negro than in higher races, thus checking the development of the brain while the body is still growing. To this many ascribe the mental inferiority of the negro race.
The cranial capacity was apparently about one thousand, that of man being from thirteen hundred to fourteen hundred. It is therefore said to be "the lowest human cranium yet described, very nearly as much below the Neanderthal as that is below the normal European." Professor O. C. Marsh, in a paper on the subject in the American Journal of Science, for February, 1895, agrees with Dr.
Wasn't that what you did for that other little child?" "Yes, but ... how am I going to explain? If there is a tumor, as we think, I'll do my best to take it away; but, in order to do that, I have, of course, got to go inside of her skull right to the brain itself, and the trouble might be here, or here, or here." He touched her now profusion of curls at different cranial points.
All this was comparatively unnoticed, for the door opened and two lovely faces peered out as the young men came up. Just then Blaine felt unduly conscious of one or more court-plastered places upon his cranial anatomy, while Buck felt that a wound or two on arm and neck somehow detracted from his natural freedom of movement. And yet neither had given the matter a thought before.
The blade was black and corroded, and had evidently passed between the sutures during boyhood as there was no depression or displacement of the cranial bones. The weapon had broken off just on a level with the skull, and had remained in situ until the time of death without causing any indicative symptoms.
*The Peripheral Division.*—The peripheral division of the nervous system includes all the nervous structures found outside of the brain and spinal cord. These consist of the cranial, spinal, and sympathetic nerves, and of various small ganglia, all of which are closely connected with the central system.
The orbits vary in width and height, the cranial ridge is either single or double, either much or little developed, and the zygomatic aperture varies considerably in size.
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