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Updated: June 17, 2025
He was accordingly privately summoned before Cardinal Bellarmine on 26th February 1616, and duly admonished that he was on no account to teach or to defend the obnoxious doctrines. Galileo was much distressed by this intimation.
'Nunc defecit certa successio in omnibus ecclesiis apostolicis, praeterquam in Romana, et ideo ex testimonio huius solius ecclesiae sumi potest certum argumentum ad probandas apostolicas traditiones. Bellarmine, De Verbo Dei scripto et non scripto, IV, ix, 10. Bellarmine, De Laicis, III, xxi, 22. : Santayana, Return in Religion, p. 108. Tertullian, De Virg. Vel., 1.
It pained him, however, still more to think, devout Catholic as he was, that such suspicions of his fervent allegiance to his Church should ever have existed, as were implied by the words and monitions of Cardinal Bellarmine.
It is sounder divinity to say, that the consecration of a sacrament doth not depend ex certa aliqua formula verborum. For it is evident that, in baptism, there is not a certain form of words prescribed, as Bellarmine also proveth; because Christ saith not, “Say, I baptise thee in the name,” &c.: so that he prescribeth not what should be done.
He takes on against the pope without mercy, and has a jest still in lavender for Bellarmine: yet he preaches heresy, if it comes in his way, though with a mind, I must needs say, very orthodox. His action is all passion, and his speech interjections. His commendation is, that he never looks upon book; and indeed he was never used to it.
To question the lawfulness of assassination, in cases where assassination might promote the interests of the Church, was to question the authority of the most illustrious Jesuits, of Bellarmine and Suarez, of Molina and Mariana; nay, it was to rebel against the Chair of Saint Peter.
You saw this in astronomy, when Bellarmine and others insisted that the doctrine of the earth's revolving about the sun is contrary to the doctrine of the Incarnation. So now against geology it was urged that the scientific doctrine that the fossils represented animals which died before Adam was contrary to the doctrine of Adam's fall, and that death entered the world by sin.
That shows, as I have observed more than once, that the power of the soul over its inclinations is a control which can only be exercised in an indirect manner, almost as Bellarmine would have had the Popes exercise rights over the temporal power of kings.
"'Would 'ee kick over these two, an' marry me, for a bottle o' gin? "'That would I. "'An' to be called My Lady Countess o' Bellarmine? "'Better an' better. "'I shall whack 'ee. "'I don't care. "'I shall kick an' cuff an' flog 'ee like a span'el dog, says he: 'by my body! I shall make 'ee repent. "'Give 'ee leave to try, says she. "An' that's how th' Earl o' Bellarmine courted his wife.
On one side had been developed a theocratic theory, giving the papacy a power supreme in temporal as well as in spiritual matters throughout the world. Leaders in this during the Middle Ages were St. Thomas Aquinas and the Dominicans; leaders in Sarpi's days were the Jesuits, represented especially in the treatises of Bellarmine at Rome and in the speeches of Laynez at the Council of Trent.
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