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Updated: September 20, 2024
Several criticisms which I had been led to make in the Fortnightly I now find had been anticipated, and these have been cancelled or a note added in the present work; I have also appended to the volume a supplemental note of greater length on the reconstruction of Marcion's text, the only point on which I believe there is really very much room for doubt. Tertullian, De Praescript. Haeret. c. 38.
As years passed on, the faith described by Tertullian was transmuted into one more fashionable and more debased. It was incorporated with the old Greek mythology. Olympus was restored, but the divinities passed under other names. The more powerful provinces insisted on the adoption of their time-honored conceptions. Views of the Trinity, in accordance with Egyptian traditions, were established.
And so on, with Ireaeus, Tertullian, Thespesius, and "the TA TONE PSEUCONE CROMATA," in the place of "Sanconiathon, Manetho, Berosus," and "Anarchon ara kai ateleutaion to pan." One other passage deserves notice, as it relates to the single medical suggestion which does honor to Cotton Mather's memory.
There is, and doubtless purposely, in order to give weight to the new book, a large display of learning in its pages. Besides the motto from Euripides to begin with, there are references, in the course of the commentary, to Plato, Philo, Josephus, Cicero, Horace, Cellius, Justin Martyr, Eusebius, Tertullian, St. Augustine, Beza, Paraeus, Rivetus, Vatablus, Dr.
Of course, there were those who broke down, but Julian the Apostate, in his letters to his heathen priests, is a reluctant witness to the higher character of Christian life. And it was Jesus who was the secret of it. The pagan noticed the new fortitude in the face of death. Tertullian himself was immensely impressed with it. He had never troubled to look at the Gospels.
Clement of Alexandria, speaking of a saying ascribed to our Lord, writes: "In the first place, then, in the four Gospels handed down amongst us, we have not this saying; but in that which is according to the Egyptians." Tertullian writes thus: "Of the Apostles, therefore, John and Matthew first instil faith into us; whilst, of Apostolic men, Luke and Mark renew it afterwards.
"You are fond of spectacles," exclaims the stern Tertullian; "expect the greatest of all spectacles, the last and eternal judgment of the universe.
The century writers make out of Dionysius Alexandrinus’s epistle to Xistus, bishop of Rome, that the custom of the church of Alexandria in receiving the sacrament, was, ut mensae assisterent. It is also noted by Hospiman, that in the days of Tertullian the Christians stantes sacramenta percipiebant.
Sometimes a Tertullian voices this abdication of the reasoning faculty defiantly certum est quia impossibile est; but more often perhaps the same position is expressed in the spirit of Tennyson's well-known lines, which, indeed, bear directly upon our immediate theme:
Tertullian shaped the problem and established the nomenclature for the Christological solution which the Orient two hundred years later made its own. It was he who, from the point of view of the Jurist, rather than of the philosopher, gave the words 'person' and 'substance, which continually occur in this discussion, the meaning which in the Nicene Creed they bear.
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