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Updated: May 17, 2025
Indeed, it would be hard to find in any of the great religions of the world an utter absence of syncretism, or the union of apparently hostile religious ideas. In the Thousand and One Nights, we have an example in popular literature. We see that the ancient men of India, Persia and pre-Mohammedan Arabia now act and talk as orthodox Mussulmans.
But on the continent of Europe, Syncretism has been much more fully developed, and fearlessly applied to every department of human thought.
If he took the same article to a high-church magazine, the editor could not commit himself to any theory which made the earth more than six thousand years old, and was afraid that the public taste would not approve of the allusions to free-masonry and Soyer's soup. . . . And worse than that, one and all Jew, Turk, infidel, and heretic, as well as the orthodox joined in pious horror at his irreverence; the shocking way he had of jumbling religion and politics the human and the divine the theories of the pulpit with the facts of the exchange. . . . The very atheists, who laughed at him for believing in a God, agreed that that, at least, was inconsistent with the dignity of the God who did not exist. . . . It was Syncretism . . . Pantheism. . . .
Another tendency strongly manifest was towards what is called syncretism, or a mingling of different religious systems. It was hoped that the truth might be found by combining beliefs drawn from many different quarters. This eclectic drift was signally manifest in religion as well as in philosophy. COMMODUS. Rome had enjoyed good government for eighty-four years.
It is a system of Syncretism, founded on the idea that error is only an incomplete truth, and maintaining that truth must necessarily be developed by error, and virtue by vice.
As against the Achaemenides, emulating the high Semitic culture of the West and the Hellenistic endeavours preceding the Parthian dynasty, the Sasanians pre-eminently were the promulgators of the Iranian principles. Alongside of this, however, although in a subordinate position, the development of the Hellenistic movement and the ancient Irano-Semitic syncretism continued to proceed.
When sweet potatoes and pumpkins are planted in the same hill, and the cooked product comes on the table, it is hard to tell whether it is tuber or hollow fruit, subterranean or superficial growth, that we are eating. A stroke of ecclesiastical dexterity, it may have been, but scarcely a lawful example or an illustrious and commendable specimen of syncretism in religion.
In the later Persian system the Dualism of Zoroaster and the Magian elemental worship were jointly professed the Magi were accepted as the national priests the rights and ceremonies of the two religions were united a syncretism not unusual in the ancient world blended into one two creeds originally quite separate and distinct, but in few respects antagonistic and the name of Zoroaster being still fondly cherished in the memory of the nation, while in their practical religion Magian rites predominated, the mixed religion acquired the name, by which it was known to the later Greeks, of "the Magism of Zoroaster."
Just as a process of syncretism has given rise to cults of animal gods, tree spirits tend to become detached from the trees, which are thenceforward only their abodes; and here again animism has begun to pass into polytheism. Object Souls. We distinguish between animate and inanimate nature, but this classification has no meaning for the savage.
It was the ever-recurring incongruity, the repeated syncretism, which made him vaguely afraid of himself and of the future.
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