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Updated: June 16, 2025
*Air Passages.*—The air passages consist of a system of tubes which form a continuous passageway between the outside atmosphere and the different divisions of the lungs. The air passes through them as it enters and leaves the lungs, a fact which accounts for the name. Left nostril. 2. Pharynx. 3. Tongue and cavity of mouth. 4. Larynx. 5. Trachea. 6. Esophagus.
Stevenson mentions a case of an organist who fell forward when stooping with a pipe in his mouth, driving its stem into the roof of the pharynx. He complained of a sore throat for several days, and, after explanation, Stevenson removed from the soft palate a piece of clay pipe nearly 1 1/4 inches long.
The lion's share of their influence upon the child's intelligence is brought about in a somewhat unexpected and even surprising manner, and that is by the effects of the growths upon his hearing. You will recall that this third tonsil was situated at the highest point in the roof of the pharynx, or back of the throat.
The upper muscles of the pharynx now contract upon the food, forcing it downward and into the esophagus. In the esophagus the food is forced along by the successive contractions of muscles, starting at the upper end of the tube, until the stomach is reached. Swallowing is doubtless aided to some extent by the force of gravity.
Obstructions in the nostrils or pharynx should be removed. *Breathing Exercises.*—In overcoming the habit of shallow breathing and in strengthening the lungs generally, the practicing of occasional deep breathing has been found most valuable and is widely recommended.
The external carotid and the cervical portion of the internal carotid are seldom the primary seat of aneurysm, although they are liable to be implicated by the upward spread of an aneurysm at the bifurcation of the common trunk. In addition to the ordinary signs of aneurysm, the clinical manifestations are chiefly referable to pressure on the pharynx and larynx, and on the hypoglossal nerve.
He stated that he once vomited blood, and that he frequently felt that he was going to choke. "On examining his throat, a large clot of blood was found to be adherent to the posterior wall of the pharynx. On removing this clot of blood, no signs of the presence of a leech could be detected.
Special pain receptors are placed in certain parts of the nose, the pharynx, and the larynx, the stimulation of which causes special motor acts, such as sneezing, hawking, coughing. Curiously vague pains are associated with the protective motor act of vomiting and with the sexual motor acts these may be termed nausea pains and pleasure pains.
Pressure on the trachea by hard objects may cause difficult respiration. Mechanical pneumonia sometimes occurs. This is due to the food and water that the animal may attempt to swallow, being returned to the pharynx and passed into the air passages and lungs. The treatment is as follows: Animals that have choked should not be given access to feed of any kind.
That the mouth can act as a resonator may be proved by holding a vibrating tuning-fork of suitable pitch before this chamber when open. The resonating chambers of importance are supra-glottic. Of these the "mouth" including all as far back as the pharynx and the nasal chambers are the principal.
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