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Updated: May 20, 2025
How many grams of pure potassium hydroxide are required for exactly 1 liter of normal alkali solution? !Answer!: 56.1 grams. A sample of aqueous hydrochloric acid has a specific gravity of 1.12 and contains 23.81 per cent hydrochloric acid by weight. !Answers!: 0.2667 gram; 7.307 milliequivalents. !Answer!: 76.33 cc. A given solution contains 0.1063 equivalents of hydrochloric acid in 976 cc.
Hydrochloric acid has the advantage of forming soluble compounds with the alkaline earths, but its solutions cannot be boiled without danger of loss of strength; sulphuric acid solutions may be boiled without loss, but the acid forms insoluble sulphates with three of the alkaline earths; oxalic acid can be accurately weighed for the preparation of solutions, and its solutions may be boiled without loss, but it forms insoluble oxalates with three of the alkaline earths and cannot be used with certain of the indicators.
!Standard Acid Solutions! may be prepared from either hydrochloric, sulphuric, or oxalic acid.
It may be employed with some of the stronger organic acids, but the use of phenolphthalein is to be preferred. !Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide. Approximate Strength!, 0.5 N PROCEDURE. Measure out 40 cc. of concentrated, pure hydrochloric acid into a clean liter bottle, and dilute with distilled water to an approximate volume of 1000 cc.
One hundred cubic centimeters of the solution, when titrated with 0.1062 N hydrochloric acid, using methyl orange as an indicator, requires 38.60 cc. for complete neutralization. Barium chloride in excess is added to a second portion of 100 cc. of the solution, which is diluted to exactly 250 cc., allowed to stand and filtered.
It consists of a dilute acid known to the chemists as hydrochloric acid, composed of hydrogen and chlorine, united together in certain definite proportions. The gastric juice contains, also, a peculiar organic-ferment or decomposing substance, containing nitrogen something of the nature of yeast termed pepsine, which is easily soluble in the acid just named.
If too much chameleon has been added, one may titrate back with an accurately estimated solution of manganese, which is prepared most easily by evaporating fifteen cubic centimeters chameleon solution down to two or three cubic centimeters, boiling with two to three cubic centimeters hydrochloric acid so long as the smell of chlorine is observed, and then diluting the solution to ten cubic centimeters, when one cubic centimeter of it corresponds to the same measure of chameleon.
The glands of the stomach secrete more hydrochloric acid on account of this stimulus, and a better quality of gastric juice being thus formed, not only is the digestion improved, but the system is better enabled to resist microbic invasion.
*To illustrate Acid and Alkaline Reactions.*—To a tumbler half full of water add a teaspoonful of hydrochloric or other acid, as vinegar. To a second tumbler half full of water add an equal amount of cooking soda. Taste each liquid, noting the sour taste of the acid, and the alkaline taste of the soda. Hold a piece of red litmus paper in the soda solution, noting that it is turned blue.
This is known also as the 'biologic, or Uhlenhuth's test. =Rust Stains.= These are yellowish-red in colour, and do not stiffen the cloth. The iron may be dissolved by placing the stain in a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid, when, on adding ferrocyanide of potassium, Prussian blue is produced. =Fruit Stains= are seldom so dark as blood-stains.
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