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Updated: May 22, 2025
The stern republican becoming Prince de Monte Carlo and King of Sweden, in a way compatible with his fidelity to the Constitution of the year III., is good. "He does not like me, and I am almost certain that he will oppose me. If he should become ambitious he will venture anything. And yet, you recollect in what a lukewarm way he acted on the 18th Fructidor, when I sent him to second Augereau.
Nothing could have happened more fortunately to consolidate the Republic. Bonaparte wrote as follows, to the Directory on the 26th Fructidor: Herewith you will receive a proclamation to the army, relative to the events of the 18th.
The day of the 18th Fructidor had, without any doubt, mainly contributed to the conclusion of peace at Campo Formio. On the one hand, the Directory, hitherto not very pacifically inclined, after having effected a 'coup d'etat', at length saw the necessity of appeasing the discontented by giving peace to France.
He got, however, only the length of being a candidate; honour enough for one who had merely been an instrument on that day. Bonaparte's joy at the result of the 18th Fructidor.
And when one glance in Paul Deroulede's face told her that she was forgiven, her cup of joy at seeing him happy beside his beloved, was unalloyed with any bitterness. It was in the beautiful, rosy dawn of one of the last days of that memorable Fructidor, when Juliette and Paul Deroulede, standing on the deck of the Daydream, saw the shores of France gradually receding from their view.
He was very conciliatory to those parties who renounced their systems, and very lavish of favours to those chiefs who renounced their parties. As it was a time of selfishness and indifference, he had no difficulty in succeeding. The proscribed of the 18th Fructidor were already recalled, with the exception of a few royalist conspirators, such as Pichegru, Willot, etc.
On the 5th, the 19th of Fructidor, decrees were passed by the usurping bodies; they provided for the deportation of Carnot, Barthélemy, Pichegru and others; they arbitrarily annulled a number of elections; they ordered all returned émigrés to leave France; they repealed a recent law in favour of liberty of worship, and they placed the press under strict Government control.
What avails it that we gain victories if we are not respected in our country. In speaking of Paris, one may parody what Cassius said of Rome: "Of what use to call her queen on the banks of the Seine, when she is the slave of Pitt's gold?" After the 18th Fructidor Augereau wished to have his reward for his share in the victory, and for the service which he had rendered. He wished to be a Director.
His mental superiority impressed diplomats as his strategy baffled the Imperialist generals; and now he was to give further proofs of his astuteness by intervening in the internal affairs of France. In order to understand Bonaparte's share in the coup d'état of Fructidor, we must briefly review the course of political events at Paris.
The crisis of the 18th Fructidor, which retarded for three years the extinction of the pentarchy, presents one of the most remarkable events of its short existence. It will be seen how the Directors extricated themselves from this difficulty. I subjoin the correspondence relating to this remarkable episode of our Revolution, cancelling only such portions of it as are irrelevant to the subject.
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