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Updated: June 14, 2025
Kennedy showed before the Dublin Pathological Society 5 fetuses with the involucra, the product of an abortion at the third month. At Naples in 1839 Giuseppa Califani gave birth to 5 children; and about the same time Paddock reported the birth in Franklin County, Pa., of quintuplets.
His mother had had several double pregnancies, and from the length of the respective tibiae one of the fetuses seemed to be of two months' and the other of three months' intrauterine life. The man died five years after the abscess had burst spontaneously. Brodie speaks of a case in which fetal remains were taken from the abdomen of a girl of two and one-half years.
It is decidedly an intrauterine affection, and the great majority of fetuses die in utero. Thomson reports three living cases of achondroplasia. The first was a child five months of age, of pale complexion, bright and intelligent, its head measuring 23 inches in length.
This case was most celebrated and was much quoted, several British journals extracting it. Watering of Maregnac speaks of the simultaneous birth of 8 children at one time. When several months pregnant the woman was seized with colicky pains and thought them a call of nature. She went into a vineyard to answer it, and there, to her great astonishment, gave birth to 8 fetuses.
The exact malformation indicated in Nos. 6 and 7 is, of course, not to be determined, although further researches in Assyriology may clear up this point. Deformities like that existing in Nos. 20 and 21 have been observed in paracephalic and cyclopic fetuses. No. 31 was probably a case of ectopia cordis.
Union of two distinct fetuses by an osseous junction of the cranial bones. Union of two distinct fetuses in which one or more parts are eliminated by the junction. Fusion of two fetuses by a bony union of the ischii. Fusion of two fetuses below the umbilicus into a common lower extremity. Bicephalic monsters. Parasitic monsters. Monsters with a single body and double lower extremities.
Of 6 cases of from four and a half to seven months' duration, 2 lived, and in 1 case at the fifth month there was an intrauterine fetus delivered which lived. Of 11 such cases at nine months, 6 mothers lived and 6 intrauterine fetuses lived. In 6 of these cases no operation was performed. In one case the mother died, but both the uterine and the extrauterine conceptions lived.
On opening the head of the second fetus, another, three inches long, was found in the medulla oblongata, and in the cranial cavity with it were two additional fetuses, neither of which was perfectly formed. Broca speaks of a fetal cyst being passed in the urine of a man of sixty-one; the cyst contained remnants of hair, bone, and cartilage.
By the parts of the embryon being thus produced by new apportions, many phenomena both of animal and vegetable productions receive an easier explanation; such as that many fetuses are deficient at the extremities, as in a finger or a toe, or in the end of the tongue, or in what is called a hare-lip with deficiency of the palate.
Valsalli was summoned and found the woman with an enormously distended abdomen, within which were felt numerous fetal parts; but no fetal heart-sounds or movements were noticed. The cervix was only slightly dilated, and, as no pains were felt, it was agreed to wait. On the next day the membranes were ruptured and 4 more fetuses were delivered.
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