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Updated: May 31, 2025
I shall now turn to another mode of classification, which, if not so far-reaching as the other, is at least an exceedingly useful one. The two methods may be combined to a considerable extent. By the latter plan the colours may be conveniently divided into three groups: I., substantive colours; II., adjective colours; III., mineral and pigment colours. Substantive Dyestuffs.
The great commercial value of aniline is due to the readiness with which it yields, directly or indirectly, valuable dyestuffs. The discovery of mauve in 1858 by Sir W.H. Perkin was the first of a series of dyestuffs which are now to be numbered by hundreds. Reference should be made to the articles DYEING, FUCHSINE, SAFRANINE, INDULINES, for more details on this subject.
Numerous descriptions of methods of using coal-tar dyestuffs in hat-dyeing are available in different volumes of the Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, and also tables for the detection of such dyestuffs on the fibre. Now I will mention a process for dyeing felt a deep dead black with a coal-tar black dye which alone would not give a deep pure black, but one with a bluish-purple shade.
It ended in my being able to write a very fair description of the vegetation of this part of the archipelago, explaining how many of the plants might be utilized for medicine or food, and the trees for lumber, dyestuffs or food. One who has not been there cannot begin to understand the possibilities of the forests under the hands of a man who really knows them.
The manufacture of dyestuffs will illustrate: This process, which originated in England, was permitted to pass to the Germans, who practically got a world monopoly in it. Now England is determined that this and similar dependence must cease. For dyemaking she has established a systematic co-operation among state, education and trade.
But tannic acid, alone, does not form very fast lakes with Magenta and the other basic dyestuffs, and so a means of rendering these lakes more insoluble is needed. Perchloride of tin, in a similar manner, yields insoluble tannate of tin with tannic acid.
Our complete dependence upon German supplies before the war made the interruption of trade a cause of exceptional economic disturbance. The close relation between the manufacture of dyestuffs, on the one hand, and of explosive and poisonous gases, on the other, moreover, has given the industry an exceptional significance and value.
This they were doing when Selma came to Benham, although every man's hand had been raised against the Nye, which was the nearest, and hence for a community in hot haste, the most natural receptacle for dyestuffs, ashes and all the outflow from woollen mills, pork factories and oil yards, and it ran the color of glistening bean soup.
There was a musty odor of the innumerable drops of molasses which must have leaked into the hard earth there for half a century; there was still a fragrance of damp Liverpool salt, a reminder of even the dyestuffs and pepper and rich spices that had been stowed away.
Many manufacturers of dyestuffs have said the very same thing to me, but, independently of this, I know it, and can prove it with the greatest ease. Let me now, by means of an experiment or two, prove to you that at least some classification is necessary to begin with.
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