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B = time per cubic yard picking, loading, and wheeling any given kind of earth to any given distance when the wheeler loads his own barrow. This general formula for barrow work can be simplified by choosing average values for the constants, and substituting numerals for the letters now representing them.
The head is divided into two hundred parts, and by estimation can be read to 1/100000 of an inch. Its constants are known, and it may be understood that it would not do to handle it very roughly. I could dwell here longer on this fascinating subject, but must haste.
The worker cells, namely, the tissue cells, like the worker bees in the hive, pass away the most rapidly; then, according to Haeckel, there are certain constants, certain cells that remain throughout life. "There is always a solid groundwork of conservative cells, the descendants of which secure the further regeneration."
That a small country with a weak army should have been able to gather to herself the most desirable regions of the earth, and to gather them at the expense of the greatest military Powers, is a paradox to which such Powers find it hard to be reconciled. The phenomenon seemed always a matter of chance-an accident without any foundation in the essential constants of war.
After Ptolemy had published his book there seemed to be nothing more to do for the solar system except to go on observing and finding more and more accurate values for the constants involved viz., the periods of revolution, the diameter of the deferent, and its ratio to that of the epicycle, the distance of the excentric from the centre of the deferent, and the position of the line of apses, besides the inclination and position of the plane of the planet's orbit.
But as this result has been held to be both improbable in itself and founded on no valid evidence, he has now, in the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine of July 1907, published an elaborate paper of 15 pages, entitled A General Method for Evaluating the Surface-Temperatures of the Planets; with special reference to the Temperature of Mars, by Professor Percival Lowell; and in this paper, by what purports to be strict mathematical reasoning based on the most recent discoveries as to the laws of heat, as well as on measurements or estimates of the various elements and constants used in the calculations, he arrives at a conclusion strikingly accordant with that put forward in the recently published volume.
Upon the a b c's of the one, as upon those of the other, depend the possibilities of the individual x. Now the constants in any man's equation are the qualities that he has inherited from the past.
They must be not only entries in note-books, to be hurriedly consulted; in the actor's phrase, he must be stale in them; in a word of my grandfather's, they must be "fixed in the mind like the ten fingers and ten toes." These are the certainties of the engineer; so far he finds a solid footing and clear views. But the province of formulas and constants is restricted.
Selwyn had not yet explained to us our Australian gold features and those gold "constants" of Murchison, which had to sustain so severe a shaking in Australia. I scraped out gold grains with my nails, and a good many with a knife within a minute.
M. Leduc, who for several years has measured a great number of physical constants with minute precautions and a remarkable sense of precision, concludes, after a close discussion of the various results obtained, that this heat is equal to 79.1 calories.
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