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Other Iconoclasts from Valenciennes united themselves with those of Tournay to despoil all the cloisters of the surrounding district, during which a valuable library, the accumulation of centuries, was destroyed by fire. The evil soon penetrated into Brabant, also Malines, Herzogenbusch, Breda, and Bergen-op-Zoom experienced the same fate.
During this period of almost suspended animation the war gave no signs of life, except in a few spasmodic efforts on the part of the irrepressible Du Terrail. Early in the spring, not satisfied with his double and disastrous repulse before Bergen-op-Zoom, that partisan now determined to surprise Sluy's.
Equation between the contending powers Treaty of peace between King James and the archdukes and the King of Spain Position of the Provinces States envoy in England to be styled ambassador Protest of the Spanish ambassador Effect of James's peace-treaty on the people of England Public rejoicings for the victory at Sluys Spinola appointed commander-in-chief of the Spanish forces Preparations for a campaign against the States Seizure of Dutch cruisers International discord Destruction of Sarmiento's fleet by Admiral Haultain Projected enterprise against Antwerp Descent of Spinola on the Netherland frontier Oldenzaal and Lingen taken Movements of Prince Maurice Encounter of the two armies Panic of the Netherlanders Consequent loss and disgrace Wachtendonk and Cracow taken by Spinola Spinola's reception in Spain Effect of his victories Results of the struggle between Freedom and Absolutism Affairs in the East Amboyna taken by Van der Hagen Contest for possession of the Clove Islands Commercial treaty between the States and the King of Ternate Hostilities between the Kings of Ternate and Tydor Expulsion of the Portuguese from the Moluccas Du Terrail's attempted assault on Bergen-op-Zoom Attack on the Dunkirk pirate fleet Practice of executing prisoners captured at sea.
Marquis Spinola, Don Juan de Mancicidor, private secretary to the King of Spain, President Richardot, Auditor Verreyken, and Brother John Neyen a Genoese, a Spaniard, a Burgundian, a Fleming, and a Franciscan friar travelling in great state, with a long train of carriages, horses, lackeys, cooks, and secretaries, by way of Breda, Bergen-op-Zoom,
His patron belonged to one of the numerous Belgian noble families, which had risen in the service of the Burgundians and were interestedly devoted to the prosperity of that house. The Glimes were lords of the important town of Bergen-op-Zoom, which, situated between the River Scheldt and the Meuse delta, was one of the links between the northern and the southern Netherlands.
Finally, in case of Bergen's death, the Prince was directed to despatch a special messenger, apparently on his own responsibility, and as if in the absence and without the knowledge of the King, to inform the Duchess of Parma of the event, and to urge her immediately to take possession of the city of Bergen-op-Zoom, and of all other property belonging to the Marquis, until it should be ascertained whether it were not possible to convict him, after death, of treason, and to confiscate his estates accordingly.
When the Spanish commissioners had signed these points the plenipotentiaries were to come to Antwerp in order to settle other matters of less vital import. Meantime, the States-General were to be summoned to assemble in Bergen-op-Zoom, that they might be ready to deal with difficulties, should any arise. The first meeting took place on the 10th February, 1609.
The little Dutch town of Bergen-op-Zoom with but 15,000 inhabitants was swamped; but the Hollanders did their best to meet this terrible pressure and its citizens went without bread themselves to feed the refugees. Slowly some sort of order was organized out of the chaos and when the Dutch Government was able to establish refugee camps under military supervision the worst was over.
Meanwhile the duke of Cumberland took post with his whole army between the two Nethes, to cover Bergen-op-Zoom and Maestricht; and Mareschal Saxe called in his detachments with a view to hazard a general engagement. In the latter end of May the French king arrived at Brussels, and his general resolved to undertake the siege of Maestricht.
Spinola was supposed to be aiming at Sluys, at Grave, at Bergen-op-Zoom, possibly even at some more remote city, like Rheinberg, while rumours as to his designs, flying directly from his camp, were as thick as birds in the air. They were let loose on purpose by the artful Genoese, who all the time had a distinct and definite plan which was not yet suspected.
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