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The latter exhibits almost classical feeling and influence; the former is much blunter and more Byzantine; both are highly interesting for purposes of study, being elaborately ornamented with figure sculptures and other decorative motives. Abbot Suger, the art-craftsman par excellence of the Ile de France, was the sculptor in chief of St. Denis from 1137 to 1180.
The Chronicle says, as to the extent of the damage done by this fire, "Civitas pene tota conflagravit." Anonymous, but probably by the Rev. S. Denne and W. Shrubsole. Published in 1772; second edition, 1817. The Rochester chronicler, Edmund de Hadenham, records two great fires under the years 1138 and 1177; Gervase also mentions these, but gives their dates as 1137 and 1179.
In 1137 the management of the institution was given over to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem; the cross still worn as a badge by the Brethren is a link with the ancient Order, being the cross potent, or Jerusalem cross, which was an insignia of the Kingdom of Jerusalem established by the Crusaders.
Down to this time the policy of William the Conqueror had been followed by his successors, and the title had been very sparingly granted. Stephen's first creation was the one already mentioned, that of Hugh "the Poor," of Beaumont, as Earl of Bedford, probably just at the end of 1137.
The King promised that Erlac should be satisfied. Ep. 1064. p. 480. Ep. 1079. p. 485. Ep. 1090. p. 490. & 1093. p. 491. Ep. 1137. p. 514. VI. These were only vague promises which the Ministry never intended to fulfil.
Later the Novellæ Constitutione, or Novels, most of them in Greek, comprising statutes of Justinian arranged chronologically, completed the Code. Forgotten or ignored during the lawless days of the Dark Ages, an entire copy of this famous code was discovered when Amalphi was taken by the Pisans in 1137. Its publication immediately attracted the attention of the learned world.
+1137+. General influence of churches. All organized religion has been a potent factor in human life. In savage and half-civilized communities it enters into every detail of life, since, in the absence of knowledge of natural law, everything that happens is ascribed to supernatural agency.
Twenty-one years after, on the 13th December 1137, Jarl Magnus' relics were brought to St. Magnus' Cathedral at Kirkwall.
As for Louis the Fat, who reigned from 1108 to 1137, it was he who began to lift the royal power in France out of the shadow which the slothfulness and incompetence of his immediate predecessors, Henry I and Philip I, had cast over it. Discerning enough to see that the chief enemies of the crown were the great nobles, and constantly advised by a minister of exceptional wisdom, Suger, abbot of St.
King of Scotland. 1165. William. Kings of France. 1137. Louis VII. 1180. Philippe II. Emperor of Germany. 1152. Friedrich I. Popes of Rome. 1154. Adrian IV. 1159. Alexander III. 1181. Lucius III. 1185. Urban III. 1187. Gregory VIII. "The gods are just, and of our pleasant sins make whips to scourge us." This saying tells the history of the reign of Henry of the Court Mantle.
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