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Updated: June 27, 2025
Now, Pitt persuaded him, with the assistance of English gold, that Napoleon was the enemy both of true liberty and of humanity. So the tsar joined his army with that of Austria, and in the autumn of 1805 the allies advanced through southern Germany toward the Rhine. Bavaria and Wuerttemberg, from fear of Austria, became open allies of the French emperor.
Thus the number of the Germanies was suddenly reduced from more than three hundred to less than one hundred, and the German states which mainly benefited, along with Prussia, were the southern states of Bavaria, Wuerttemberg, and Baden, which Napoleon desired to use as an equipoise against both Austria and Prussia.
When Schiller arrived at Mannheim, in the latter part of September, 1782, he was soon made aware that he had reckoned badly on the 'Greek climate of the Palatinate'. The friends to whom he showed himself were shocked at the audacity of his conduct; they could only advise him to conciliate the Duke of Wuerttemberg and meanwhile to keep out of sight.
He maintained a costly opera, procuring for it the most famous singers and dancers in Europe, and squandered immense sums upon 'Venetian nights' and other gorgeous spectacles. For all this barbaric ostentation the people of Wuerttemberg were expected to foot the bills. 'Fatherland! said his Highness, when a protest was raised on behalf of the country, 'Bah! I am the fatherland.
In truth his conduct is so very inhuman as to convey an impression of burlesque. He seems copied from some ogre in a fairy tale. But if President von Walter appears now like a melodramatic caricature, it is partly because times have changed; for Schiller was not without his models in the recent history of Wuerttemberg.
Holzhausen brings the facsimile of a letter of his, dated Wilna, December 30th., to the King of Wuerttemberg which proves his care for his soldiers. He died on January 6th., 1813.
She had conceived a liking for Schiller, and although there was some danger that her role of protectress might, if discovered, offend the Duke of Wuerttemberg, she did not hesitate to keep her word.
Within the Holy Roman Empire was a vast hodge-podge of city-states, and feudal survivals arch-duchies, such as Austria; margravates, such as Brandenburg; duchies, like Saxony, Bavaria, and Wuerttemberg; counties like the Palatinate, and a host of free cities, baronies, and domains, some of them smaller than an American township.
Young men were simply taken wherever they could be found, pulled from their beds at night, or seized as they came from church, and forced into the army under brutal conditions of service. Many a Wuerttemberg family could have told a tale of barbarity essentially similar to that recounted by the lackey to Lady Milford in the second act of Schiller's play.
They were vague and tumultuous ideas, which had very little relation to a definite theory of government, but he was very much in earnest with them, especially after his rasping experience with the Duke of Wuerttemberg. No one can mistake the autobiographic note in the speech of Bourgognino which closes the first act: 'I have long felt in my breast something that would not be satisfied.
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