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Updated: June 25, 2025
Ehrenberg, Dujardin, Fuchs, Perty, and others left the impress of their work upon bacteriology even before the middle of the century. It is true that Schwann shrewdly drew conclusions as to the relation of microscopic organisms to various processes of fermentation and decay conclusions which, although not accepted at the time, have subsequently proved to be correct.
The tone was too peremptory for Schwann to hesitate; being reassured, too, in regard to Fanfar, he was ready to obey without stopping to ask the meaning of this extreme haste. Cyprien started forward, but the Marquis gave him a look that commanded silence, and as he passed, said in a low voice: "Patience!" The door closed.
Particularly was this found to be the case with embryonic tissues, and the study of these soon convinced Schwann that his original surmise had been correct, and that all animal tissues are in their incipiency composed of particles not unlike the ultimate particles of vegetables in short, of what the botanists termed cells.
Schwann laughed. "That is ridiculous!" he said. "That may be, but I have orders to arrest these men! Where are they?" "I will show you!" said Robeccal, quickly. The door of the chamber was locked. "Break it in!" cried Robeccal. "Wait! Law before all else." And standing in a military attitude, the Brigadier shouted: "In the name of the king, open!" As may be supposed, there was no reply.
Each nerve fibre consists of a number of nerve fibrils collected into a central bundle the axis cylinder which is surrounded by an envelope, the neurolemma or sheath of Schwann. Between the neurolemma and the axis cylinder is the medullated sheath, composed of a fatty substance known as myelin.
Schwann and his immediate followers, while recognizing that the bodies of animals and plants were composed of cells, were at a loss to explain how these cells arose. The belief held at first was that there existed in the bodies of animals and plants a structureless substance which formed the basis out of which the cells develop, in somewhat the same way that crystals arise from a mother liquid.
From purely morphological investigations, Turpin and Schwann, as we have seen, arrived at the notion of the fundamental unity of structure of living beings. And, before long, the researches of chemists gradually led up to the conception of the fundamental unity of their composition.
This opinion of the great German chemist was in a measure substantiated by experiments of his compatriot Helmholtz, whose earlier experiments confirmed, but later ones contradicted, the observations of Schwann, and this combined authority gave the vitalistic conception a blow from which it had not rallied at the time when Pasteur entered the field.
His vest was blue, as was a neckerchief. He wore straps and spurs a costume, in fact, in the last mode of 1825 and yet, no human being looked less like a dandy. His feet were huge, his hands ugly and bony. His face expressed timidity and hypocrisy. He took off his hat as Schwann approached.
In his famous "Mikroskopische Untersuchungen," Schwann speaks of Torula as a "cell;" and, in a remarkable note to the passage in which he refers to the yeast plant, Schwann says:
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