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Updated: June 3, 2025
Ermanric. For examples of legend becoming attached to historical names, see Tylor's Primitive Culture. The Helgi Lays. The Helgi Lays stand before the Volsung set in the MS.; I treat them later for the sake of greater clearness. Helgi and Kara. Hromundar Saga Gripssonar, in which this story is given, is worthless as literature, and has not been recently edited.
Tylor's theory, great fetish deities, such as Heaven and Earth, Sun and Moon, and 'departmental deities, gods of Agriculture, War, and so forth, unknown to low savages. Next Mr. Tylor introduces an important personage.
For a fuller account of the couvade I must refer my readers to Tylor's "Early History of Mankind", from which I have so largely quoted; his summing up of this curious custom is profound and philosophical.
Tylor's account of the process by which Gods were evolved out of ghosts is a little touffu rather buried in facts. That such moral, practically omniscient Gods are known to the very lowest savages Bushmen, Fuegians, Australians we shall demonstrate.
But such has not been the view of those most competent to judge. A consideration of the earliest instances will show, as might have been expected, that vengeance, not compensation, and vengeance on the offending thing, was the original object. The ox in Exodus was to be stoned. The axe in the Athenian law was to be banished. The tree, in Mr. Tylor's instance, was to be chopped to pieces.
A free an' easy gentleman, 'e was; 'e liked 'is dinner with a few friends an' them jolly, but 'e wasn't much on what you might call big affairs. But once 'e went in for Lydy Elling 'e broke 'imself to new paces; He give away 'is rings an' pins, an' the tylor's man an' the 'aberdasher's man was at 'is rooms continual.
The Sun got away, but has ever since travelled more deliberately. These sun-myths, many more of which are to be found collected in Mr. Tylor's excellent treatise on "The Early History of Mankind," well illustrate both the similarity and the diversity of the results obtained by the primitive mind, in different times and countries, when engaged upon similar problems.
E. B. Tylor's method of the study of "survivals in culture," which all anthropologists have used since the publication of Mr. Tylor's Primitive Culture, thirty-five years ago. What is admitted to be true of survivals in the Family among the Picts may also be true as to other survivals in art, superstition, and so forth.
Marsden's "History of Sumatra," p. 301. Mariner's "Tonga Islands," ii. 137. St. John, "Far East," i. 187. See Tylor's "Primitive Culture," i. 475. Dorman's "Primitive Superstitions," p. 294; also Schoolcraft's "Indian Tribes." See Thorpe's "Northern Mythology," iii. 61. "Origin of Civilisation," 1870, p. 192. See Leslie Forbes' "Early Races of Scotland," i. 171.
And although an immense amount of superstition has been interwoven with folk-medicine, there is a certain amount of truth in the many remedies which for centuries have been, with more or less success, employed by the peasantry, both at home and abroad. See Tylor's "Primitive Culture," ii. See Folkard's "Plant-lore Legends and Lyrics," p. 164. "Mystic Trees and Shrubs," p. 717.
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